《生命科学》 2024, 36(3): 411-418

脉络丛在神经发育和精神障碍疾病中作用的研究进展

李艳伟¹ , 李　青² , 唐奇勋¹ , 刘佳妮¹ , 赵晋英^2,*

¹邵阳学院普爱医学院，人体解剖学教研室，邵阳 422000 ²邵阳学院 医学技术学院，分子生物学诊断重点实验室，邵阳 422000

摘　要：

脉络丛是位于脑室内的一种富含毛细血管的精细结构，内部为中央间质，外被单层立方上皮。脉络丛可分泌脑脊液，形成血脑脊液屏障，不仅促进中枢神经系统代谢废物的排泄，也为脑实质提供了重要的营养来源。脉络丛还在外周向中枢运输免疫细胞、炎症反应、神经发生和发育、昼夜节律和肠脑轴中发挥调节作用。大量研究发现脉络丛参与了多种神经发育和精神障碍疾病的发病。该文总结了脉络丛的结构、发育与生理功能，讨论了脉络丛在精神分裂症、孤独症、脑叶酸缺乏症、寨卡病毒引起的小头畸形、新型冠状病毒感染的神经并发症等神经发育和精神障碍疾病中的作用，提出了脉络丛在神经发育和精神障碍疾病中的诊疗价值，为防治这些疾病提供了新的思路和研究方向。

通讯作者：赵晋英 , Email:zhaojinying928@163.com

Research progress on the role of choroid plexus in neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders

LI Yan-Wei¹ , LI Qing² , TANG Qi-Xun¹ , LIU Jia-Ni¹ , ZHAO Jin-Ying^2,*

¹Department of Human Anatomy, Puai Medical School, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China ²Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology Diagnosis, School of Medical Technology, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China

Abstract:

The choroid plexus (CP) is a delicate and highly vascularized structure located in the brain ventricles, with a stroma inside and a single layer of cuboidal epithelium outside. The CP forms the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and secrets cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which not only facilitates the removal of metabolic wastes from the central nervous system (CNS), but also provides an important source of nutrients for the brain parenchyma. The CP is one of the key gateways regulating the peripheral immune cells into the CNS, and plays important roles in neurogenesis and brain development, circadian rhythm, and the gut-brain axis. Abundant evidence implicated that the CP involves in the pathophysiology of several neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. In this paper, we summarize the structure, development, and physiological functions of the CP, and discuss the role of CP in neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, autism, cerebral folate deficiency, microcephaly caused by Zika virus, and neurological complications caused by SARS-Cov-2, further propose the diagnostic and therapeutic value of the CP in neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders, which provide new ideas and research directions for the therapeutics of these diseases.

Communication Author：ZHAO Jin-Ying , Email:zhaojinying928@163.com