《生命科学》 2024, 36(1): 39-47
2023年脑机接口领域发展态势
摘 要：
脑机接口是人脑与计算机或其他电子设备之间建立的直接交流与控制通道。由于其战略重要性，脑机接口已经成为各国战略布局的重点。本文简要介绍了脑机接口领域的发展历程，重点从战略布局、科研进展与产业应用等角度系统梳理了2023 年该领域的最新进展，并展望未来发展趋势。2023 年，神经编解码算法、神经探针与芯片等脑机接口领域核心技术取得重要进展，功能性超声脑机接口等新型脑机接口不断涌现，应用领域已经从医疗扩展到科研、娱乐等领域，重要企业取得多项里程碑进展。未来，脑机接口硬件将向小型化、高通量、柔性化发展，编解码效率和质量将大幅度提升，促进脑机接口功能从替换和恢复向改善、补充和增强转变，应用领域将进一步拓展。随着脑机接口的广泛应用，其伦理安全问题将受到重视。
通讯作者：熊 燕 , Email:yxiong@sinh.ac.cn
Abstract:
Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a technology that establishes a direct communication and control channel between the human brain and computers or other electronic devices. Due to its strategic importance, BCIs have become the focus of the strategic layout of various countries. This paper provides an overview of the development history in the field of BCIs, and systematically reviews its latest advancements in 2023 from the perspectives of strategic layout, scientific research progress and industrial application, and looks forward to the future development trend. In 2023, important progress has been made in core technologies in the field of BCIs, including neural decoding algorithms, neural probes and chips. Novel BCI technologies such as functional ultrasound brain-computer interfaces continue to emerge, and the application field expands from healthcare to brain research, entertainment and beyond. Important enterprises have made a number of milestones. In the future, BCI hardware will develop to miniaturization, high throughput, and flexibility, and the efficiency and quality of neural decoding will be greatly improved, which will promote the transformation of BCI functionality from replacement and restoration to improvement, supplementation and enhancement, and the application field will be further expanded. And ethical and safety issues on BCI will receive more attention.
Communication Author：XIONG Yan , Email:yxiong@sinh.ac.cn
