《生命科学》 2023, 35(12): 1669-1677

星形胶质细胞在血脑屏障发育与稳态维持中的作用机制

杨茗惠 , 刘　辉 , 佟湃舸 , 陈誉华^*

中国医科大学发育细胞生物学教研室，医学细胞生物学教育部重点实验室，沈阳 110122

摘　要：

血脑屏障(blood-brain barrier, BBB) 由脑微血管内皮细胞及包绕内皮细胞的基膜、周细胞和星形胶质细胞的足突构成，它将血液与脑组织分隔开来，从而维持神经功能包括神经环路、突触连接和重塑等微环境的稳定。BBB 稳态失衡与包括神经退行性疾病在内的许多中枢神经系统疾病有关，但目前BBB 稳态维持与失衡的机制尚不清楚。星形胶质细胞作为BBB 的组成成分，也是神经血管单元中联系神经元与脑微血管的枢纽，在BBB 发育特别是BBB 稳态维持中起重要作用。本文在简要介绍BBB 的发育过程之后，综述了星形胶质细胞诱导BBB 发育、成熟及其在BBB 稳态维持中的作用和机制的研究进展，并指出了与BBB 稳态失衡有关的A1 型星形胶质细胞异质性的概念，以期为深入研究BBB 稳态维持机制及加深理解BBB 稳态失衡诱发神经退行性疾病提供新启示。

通讯作者：陈誉华 , Email:yhchen@cmu.edu.cn

The role of astrocyte in development and maintenance of the blood brain barrier

YANG Ming-Hui , LIU Hui , TONG Pai-Ge , CHEN Yu-Hua^*

(Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China

Abstract:

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is composed of brain microvascular endothelial cells, the basal membrane surrounding endothelial cells, pericytes and astrocyte endfoot. It separates blood from brain tissue to maintain the microenvironment stability of neural functions, including neural circuits, synaptic connections and remodeling. BBB homeostasis imbalance is associated with many central nervous system diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. However, the mechanism of BBB homeostasis maintenance and imbalance remains unclear. As a component of BBB, astrocytes are also the hub connecting neurons and brain microvessels in the neurovascular unit, and play an important role in the development of BBB, especially in the maintenance of BBB homeostasis. In this paper, we first briefly introduce the development process of BBB, and then review the progress in the development and maturation of BBB induced by astrocytes and their role in the maintenance of BBB homeostasis. Moreover, we point out the concept of A1 type astrocyte heterogeneity, which is related to the imbalance of BBB homeostasis, in order to provide new insights into the mechanism of BBB homeostasis maintenance and the understanding of neurodegenerative diseases induced by BBB homeostasis imbalance.

Communication Author：CHEN Yu-Hua , Email:yhchen@cmu.edu.cn