《生命科学》 2023, 35(11): 1416-1423
乙酰化修饰对人非组蛋白稳定性调控功能的最新进展
摘 要：
乙酰化修饰是一种广泛存在于生物体中的可逆性蛋白质翻译后修饰方式，主要发生于蛋白质赖氨酸残基的侧链NH2 基团上，最早在组蛋白中发现。乙酰化修饰主要通过修饰组蛋白影响细胞的染色质结构以及激活细胞核内转录因子，从基因组水平来调控细胞的生命活动。随着乙酰化修饰检测技术和生物学研究的发展，发现乙酰化修饰也大量存在于非组蛋白中，并调控蛋白质的功能，进而影响多种生物学过程。其中，乙酰化修饰可以调控非组蛋白的稳定性，使其在细胞中更加稳定和持久地存在，这种调控机制在细胞的生长和分化等过程中具有重要作用，并影响多种疾病的发生发展。该文介绍了乙酰化修饰及其主要的生物学功能，系统总结了乙酰化修饰对人非组蛋白稳定性调控的机制与功能的影响，并介绍了乙酰化修饰调控蛋白质稳定性对疾病发生发展的作用，有助于解析疾病的发生机制，为疾病的治疗提供新的思路和方法。
通讯作者：聂作明 , Email:nzm16@tsinghua.org.cn
Abstract:
Acetylation modification is a reversible post-translational modification of proteins that is widely present in organisms. It mainly occurs on the side chain NH2 group of protein lysine residues and was first discovered in histones. It mainly affects the structure of cell chromatin and activates transcription factors in the nucleus by modifying histones, and regulates cell life activities at the genomic level. With the development of acetylation modification detection technology and biological research, it has been found that acetylation modification is also widely present in non-histone proteins and regulates the function of proteins, thereby affecting various biological processes. One of the functions by acetylation is regulating the stability of non-histone proteins, making non-histone proteins more stable and persistent in cells. This regulatory mechanism plays an important role in the growth and differentiation of cells and affects the occurrence and development of various diseases. In this article, acetylation modification and its main biological functions were introduced, and then the mechanisms and effects of acetylation modification on the stability regulation of human non-histone proteins were systematically summarized. It also introduced the effect of regulating protein stability by acetylation modification on disease occurrence and development. It could be helpful to analyze the mechanism of disease occurrence and provide new ideas and methods for disease treatment.
Communication Author：NIE Zuo-Ming , Email:nzm16@tsinghua.org.cn
