《生命科学》 2023, 35(10): 1306-1321

昆虫完全变态发育与其共生微生物之间的相互影响

马璐瑶 , 尹梦竹 , 马　睿 , 朱璧如 , 胡　仪^*

北京师范大学生态学研究所生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室，北京 100875

摘　要：

完全变态昆虫在发育过程中要经过卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫四个阶段，它们在幼虫和成虫阶段形态构造和生活习性明显不同，这一现象被称为适应性解耦，使幼虫和成虫能够更独立地完成不同的任务，各自获得更高的效率，这对完全变态昆虫有巨大的生态和进化意义。然而这种发育方式为完全变态昆虫与微生物建立稳定的共生关系带来了巨大的挑战。它们在变态过程中身体结构的重塑、饮食习惯的改变等使微生物居住的栖息地发生彻底转变，微生物在昆虫宿主个体不同发育阶段和不同个体代际之间的垂直传递也受到了限制。为了高保真地维持稳定的共生关系，部分完全变态昆虫和共生微生物进化出多样的严格垂直传递或者规避完全变态发育的传递方式。也有部分完全变态昆虫趁此机会实现与共生微生物的关系解绑，与新的微生物建立联系，呈现出在不同生命阶段共生微生物的动态变化。此外，昆虫变态发育还直接受到共生微生物的影响，微生物能保护宿主在变态发育中最脆弱的阶段免受病原体感染，为变态发育提供必需的营养物质和促进变态发育的因子。因此，本综述将总结和深入探究昆虫完全变态发育与其共生微生物之间的相互影响。

通讯作者：胡　仪 , Email:yi.hu@bnu.edu.cn

Interactions between metamorphosis and their symbiotic microorganisms inholometabolous insects

MA Lu-Yao , YIN Meng-Zhu , MA Rui , ZHU Bi-Ru , HU Yi^*

Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering & Institute of Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

Abstract:

Holometabolous insects go through four developmental stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Their morphological structure and living habits differ markedly between larval and adult stages, which is called adaptive decoupling. It enables larvae and adults to perform different tasks more independently and each achieve greater efficiency, which has huge ecological and evolutionary significance for insects. However, this mode of development poses huge challenges to the stable relationship between holometabolous insects and their symbionts. During the metamorphosis, the body reconstruction and changes in dietary habits have completely transformed the habitats of microorganisms. And complete metamorphosis constrains the acquisition of vertically transmitted symbionts between different stages of development and generation. Some holometabolous insects and symbionts have evolved various ways of strictly vertical transmission or strategies that bypass metamorphosis in order to maintain a stable symbiotic relationship with high fidelity. Others take the opportunity to break away from the pre-symbionts and establish connections with new microorganisms, exhibiting flexibility at different life stages. Furthermore, the metamorphosis of insects is also directly affected by symbionts. Symbionts can protect the host from pathogen infection, provide necessary nutrients for metamorphosis, and act as metamorphosis-inducing stimuli. Therefore, this review will shed light on the interaction of metamorphosis and their symbiotic microorganisms in holometabolous insects.

Communication Author：HU Yi , Email:yi.hu@bnu.edu.cn