《生命科学》 2022, 34(8): 990-1000
哺乳动物黑色素生物合成及其调控机制研究进展
摘 要：
黑色素对于调节哺乳动物皮肤颜色、抵御紫外线损伤以及新陈代谢等有重要作用。黑色素是一种由黑色素细胞以酪氨酸为底物合成的生物色素，其合成过程涉及一系列错综复杂的酶促反应，主要与酪氨酸酶、酪氨酸酶相关蛋白-1 和酪氨酸酶相关蛋白-2 的催化作用密不可分。包括基于阿黑皮素原介导的，PI3K/AKT、Wnt、MAPK 等在内的许多信号通路可通过调节小眼球相关转录因子的转录，进而影响黑色素合成过程中关键酶的表达，最终调节黑色素的合成。除此之外，紫外线和可见光也可通过特定的信号通路影响黑色素的合成。表观遗传因素如DNA 甲基化、组蛋白乙酰化、染色质重塑复合物(SWI/SNF)、microRNA、lncRNA 等也影响黑色素的合成。该文总结了哺乳动物黑色素合成及代谢的上游信号分子通路并揭示其调控规律，同时对黑色素合成过程中的分子机制和表观遗传调控机制进行综述，为黑色素相关领域的研究提供参考。
通讯作者：王春生 , Email:wangchunsheng79@nefu.edu.cn
Abstract:
As a kind of biological pigment synthesized by melanocytes with tyrosine, melanin can regulate skin color, resist UV rays, and promote metabolism in mammals. Meanwhile, melanin synthesis involves an intricate series of enzymatic reactions, mainly related to tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TYRP-1), and tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TYRP-2). Based on the proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-mediated, PI3K/AKT, Wnt, MAPK, and other signaling pathways ultimately affect melanin synthesis by regulating the transcription of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, thereby affecting the expression of key enzymes in melanogenesis. In addition, UV and visible light can also affect melanin synthesis through specific signaling pathways. Moreover, epigenetic factors, including DNA methylation, histone acetylation, chromatin remodeling complex (SWI/SNF), microRNA, lncRNA, etc. also affect melanin synthesis. This article summarizes the upstream signaling molecular pathways in melanin synthesis and metabolism as well as reveals their regulation in mammals. In addition, the molecular mechanism and epigenetic regulation mechanism in the process of melanin synthesis were reviewed, which could provide references for future research in melanin-related fields.
Communication Author：WANG Chun-Sheng , Email:wangchunsheng79@nefu.edu.cn
