《生命科学》 2022, 34(5): 599-607

运动通过调节肠道菌群-肠-脑轴免疫途径改善阿尔茨海默症炎症病理的研究进展

王　璟^1,2 , 夏　杰^1,2 , 赵　娜^1,2 , 高　丽³ , 徐　波^1,2,*

¹华东师范大学“青少年健康评价与运动干预”教育部重点实验室，上海 200241 ²华东师范大学体育与健康学院，上海 200241 ³山东体育学院，济南 250102

摘　要：

阿尔茨海默症(Alzheimer’s disease, AD) 是一种慢性、快速进展的神经退行性疾病。目前，其发病机制尚不明确，主要存在β- 淀粉样蛋白(amyloid-β, Aβ) 级联假说和神经炎症假说等诸多学说，说明AD 是多病因、多通路共同作用下诱导的系统性疾病。近年来，人们发现肠道菌群作为与人长期进化的共生体，在机体炎症，甚至Aβ 的产生等众多方面，对AD 都有着至关重要的促进作用。因此，调节肠道菌群结构成为改善AD 病理的一种新方案。近期研究发现，运动在具有抗炎功效的同时可以调节肠道菌群结构，提示运动可能通过改变机体肠道菌群及其代谢产物来调节肠- 脑轴的免疫途径，影响宿主AD 炎症病理的发生和进展。该文旨在详细阐述肠道菌群通过肠- 脑轴免疫途径参与AD 炎症反应以及运动通过调节肠道菌群及其代谢产物从而改善AD 炎症反应的研究进展，为运动预防、缓解AD 提供新的思路和理论依据。

通讯作者：徐　波 , Email:bxu@tyxx.ecnu.edu.cn

Exercise intervention improves inflammation of Alzheimer’s disease by modulating immune pathway of microbiota-gut-brain axis

WANG Jing^1,2 , XIA Jie^1,2 , ZHAO Na^1,2 , GAO Li³ , XU Bo^1,2,*

¹Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China ²College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China ³Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102, China

Abstract:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic, rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease without clear pathogenesis. To date, AD is regarded as a disease induced by multiple factors, such as Aβ cascade, neuroinflammation, and so on. In recent years, with the growing evidence, gut microbiota (GM) have been shown to impact diverse physiological process of AD by immune pathway of microbiota-gut-brain axis, ranging from inflammation to even the production of Aβ. Therefore, gut microbiota may provide a novel therapeutic solution for AD. Physical exercise is not only a potent intervention for inflammation, but also a regulator for GM structure to impact AD in host via changing metabolites. The present review aims to emphasize the mechanisms among AD, GM and physical exercise in order to provide new ideas to prevent and cure AD.

Communication Author：XU Bo , Email:bxu@tyxx.ecnu.edu.cn