《生命科学》 2022, 34(5): 543-553

长链非编码RNA在mRNA加工过程中的作用

张　静^1,2 , 金　倩^2,3 , 曹鹏博² , 周钢桥^1,2,*

¹河北大学生命科学学院，保定 071002 ²军事科学院军事医学研究院辐射医学研究所，国家蛋白质科学中心 (北京)，蛋白质组学国家重点实验室，北京 100850 ³徐州医科大学肿瘤研究所，徐州 221002

摘　要：

长链非编码RNA (long noncoding RNA, lncRNA) 是一类长度大于200 个核苷酸的RNA 分子，几乎不具备蛋白质编码能力，常以RNA 形式直接行使功能。已有研究表明，lncRNA 参与调控细胞的分化、发育、衰老及疾病的发生和发展等多种生物学过程。lncRNA 可以与DNA、RNA 和蛋白质分子等发生相互作用，进而在表观遗传、转录、转录后修饰、翻译及翻译后修饰等多个水平行使功能。其中，一些lncRNA 已被证明参与介导mRNA 的加工过程，从而在转录后水平调控mRNA 分子的命运。lncRNA 通过影响mRNA的可变剪接、多聚腺苷酸化、修饰、亚细胞定位、稳定性及翻译等过程，从而调控mRNA 的表达或功能。该文通过综述相关研究进展，旨在为发现更多lncRNA 的潜在功能提供借鉴。

通讯作者：周钢桥 , Email:zhougq114@126.com

The roles of long noncoding RNAs in mRNA processing

ZHANG Jing^1,2 , JIN Qian^2,3 , CAO Peng-Bo² , ZHOU Gang-Qiao^1,2,*

¹School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China ²State Key Lab of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100850, China ³Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China

Abstract:

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of RNAs with length greater than 200 nucleotides, which lack coding potential and functions in the form of RNAs. LncRNAs have been proved to play important roles in multiple biological processes, including cell differentiation, development, senescence, and the occurrence and progression of diseases. Accumulating studies have revealed that lncRNAs are able to interact with DNAs, RNAs, and/or proteins, and exert their functions at multi-layers, including epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational and post-translational modulations. Among them, several lncRNAs have been demonstrated to involve in the post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA processing. In this review, we mainly summarize the action mechanisms of lncRNAs in regulation of mRNA processing, such as alternative splicing, polyadenylation, modification, subcellular localization, stability and translation, in order to provide references for the discovery of more potential functions of lncRNAs.

Communication Author：ZHOU Gang-Qiao , Email:zhougq114@126.com