《生命科学》 2021, 33(12): 1532-1543

人工高效生物固氮体系创建及其农业应用

燕永亮¹ , 田长富² , 杨建国³ , 王忆平³ , 林　敏^1,*

¹中国农业科学院生物技术研究所，北京 100081 ²中国农业大学，北京 100193 ³北京大学，北京 100871

摘　要：

在自然界中，某些原核微生物能将空气中的氮气转化为氨，这一过程称为生物固氮。利用生物固氮替代化学氮肥，在农业生产中具有巨大应用潜力。增强根际联合固氮效率，构建结瘤固氮禾本科作物，实现真核生物自主固氮，创制新一代固氮微生物产品，是当前国际生物固氮领域的研发前沿，也是一个世界性的农业科技难题。21 世纪兴起的合成生物学将为生物固氮的农业应用提供革命性的解决方案。该文系统综述了生物固氮的研究历程、前沿动态、优先发展方向及其应用前景。

通讯作者：林　敏 , Email:linmin@caas.cn

Establishment of artificial efficiency biological nitrogen fixation system and its agricultural application

YAN Yong-Liang¹ , TIAN Chang-Fu² , YANG Jian-Guo³ , WANG Yi-Ping³ , LIN Min^1,*

¹Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China ²China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China ³Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Abstract:

Only a selected group of Bacteria and Archaea, called diazotrophs, have evolved the ability to reduce N₂ to generate ammonium in a process known as biological nitrogen fixation. The use of biological nitrogen fixation instead of chemical nitrogen fertilizer has great application potential in agricultural production. Enhancing the efficiency of crop root-associated nitrogen fixation, developing root nodule symbioses strategies in cereals, creating artificial nitrogen-fixing eukaryotes, and producing a new generation of nitrogen-fixing microbial products are the frontiers of biological nitrogen fixation research and development in the world at present, while are also a global challenge of agricultural science and technology. The synthetic biology emerging in this century will provide a revolutionary solution to the agricultural application of biological nitrogen fixation. The research course, frontier trend, priority development direction and application prospect of biological nitrogen fixation are systematically reviewed.

Communication Author：LIN Min , Email:linmin@caas.cn