《生命科学》 2021, 33(5): 611-620

阿尔茨海默病生物标志物研究进展

赵　慧 , 沈　逸^*

浙江大学脑科学与脑医学学院，卫生部医学神经生物学重点实验室，杭州 310058

摘　要：

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease, AD) 是一种常见的神经退行性疾病，以胞外淀粉样蛋白(amyloid-β, Aβ) 沉积和胞内神经纤维缠结为主要病理特征。AD 发病机理尚未完全探明，并且缺乏有效的早期临床诊断方法，AD 患者往往在轻度认知障碍(mild cognitive impairment, MCI) 和痴呆(dementia) 阶段才会就医，错过治疗的最佳有效期。生物标志物可以帮助诊断特定疾病的有无及其病理进程，因此，研发AD 生物标志物对筛查早期AD 患者和及时干预治疗MCI 患者具有重要的临床意义。与现有AD 可能的致病假说相似，AD 生物标志物的研究主要集中在Aβ、微管相关蛋白(tau protein, Tau) 和炎症相关因子等方面。该文对近年来AD 生物标志物的类别、应用依据及优缺点等方面展开综述。

通讯作者：沈　逸 , Email:yshen2@zju.edu.cn

Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease

ZHAO Hui , SHEN Yi^*

Department of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China

Abstract:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by the occurrence of senile plaques containing amyloid β (Aβ) aggregates and neurofibrillary tangles formed by hyperphosphorylated tau in the brain. However, the pathogenesis of AD has not been fully explored. Due to the lack of effective early clinical diagnosis, AD patients usually miss the best treatment period since patients tend to seek medical advice at the symptomatic stages of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. Biomarkers are molecular signatures and indicators of normal biological and pathological processes. Thus, the development of AD biomarkers has important clinical significance for screening early AD patients and timely intervention and treatment of MCI patients. The majority of biomarkers for AD has focused on the Aβ cascade hypothesis, hyperphosphorylated tau and inflammatory factors. In this review, we describe the categories, application basis, advantages and disadvantages of AD biomarkers in recent years, and raise a few key open questions in the research field.

Communication Author：SHEN Yi , Email:yshen2@zju.edu.cn