《生命科学》 2021, 33(4): 472-478

纳米抗体的特性及其在免疫检测中的研究进展

赵欣悦¹ , 杨晓梅² , 孙树阳³ , 李海霞¹ , 卢小玲^3,*

¹广西医科大学，基础医学院免疫学教研室，广西纳米抗体国际联合研究中心，南宁 530021 ²广西医科大学，基础医学院生理学教研室，广西纳米抗体国际联合研究中心，南宁 530021 ³广西医科大学附属口腔医学院，广西纳米抗体国际联合研究中心，南宁 530021

摘　要：

纳米抗体(nanobody, Nb) 作为抗体行业的新成员，近年来在免疫检测领域的发展突飞猛进。Nb具有分子量小、稳定性好、亲和力和特异性高、易于在原核表达系统中高质量生产等特性。应用Nb 的检测试剂改善了传统依赖单克隆抗体检测试剂存在的运输和保存困难、试剂研发成本高、抗体试剂批间差异大的问题，并且提高了检测的灵敏度。Nb 在免疫检测中展现出广阔的应用前景。该文重点综述了Nb 的结构、特性及其在免疫检测中的研究进展，并对其在免疫检测方面的应用前景进行展望。

通讯作者：卢小玲 , Email:luxiaoling@gxmu.edu.cn

Characteristics of nanobody and its research advances in immunoassay

ZHAO Xin-Yue¹ , YANG Xiao-Mei² , SUN Shu-Yang³ , LI Hai-Xia¹ , LU Xiao-Ling^3,*

¹International Nanobody Research Center of Guangxi, Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China ²International Nanobody Research Center of Guangxi, Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China ³International Nanobody Research Center of Guangxi, Department of Stomatology, Stomatology College of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China

Abstract:

As a new member of antibody industry, nanobodies have been rapidly developing in the field of immunoassay in the recent years. Nanobodies have valuable properties such as small molecular weight, high stability, high affinity and specificity, and high-quality production by prokaryotic expression system, etc. The application of nanobody reagents have improved the issues of traditional monoclonal antibody-based detection reagents, such as difficulties of reagent transportation and storage, higher costs of research and development, or larger differences among product batches, and also increased the detection sensitivity. Therefore, nanobodies have shown a wide application prospect in immunoassay. This article reviews the structure, characteristics and the recent research progress in immunoassay of nanobody, and envisages a prospect for the future of nanobody-based immunoassay.

Communication Author：LU Xiao-Ling , Email:luxiaoling@gxmu.edu.cn