《生命科学》 2021, 33(4): 428-437

硝酸盐呼吸和厌氧氨氧化的机制及其应用研究进展

朱凌峰 , 陈雪岚^*

江西师范大学生命科学学院，南昌 330022

摘　要：

硝酸盐呼吸过程广泛存在于厌氧及兼性厌氧菌中。当硝酸盐存在时，微生物在微氧或缺氧条件下，以硝酸盐作为电子受体，与电子传递呼吸链过程相耦合，产生能量并用于维持细胞的基本生命活动。硝酸盐的呼吸过程对污水处理、土壤氮保持、微生物氮循环具有重要作用，研究硝酸盐呼吸对环境保护具有重要意义。该文对反硝化作用、硝酸盐异化还原为铵这两种硝酸盐呼吸和以硝酸盐为间接电子受体的厌氧氨氧化过程进行了综述，阐述了与硝酸盐呼吸、厌氧氨氧化有关的氧化还原酶基因簇以及相应的氧化还原酶的结构和功能，并对两者研究现状和未来发展方向进行了总结与展望。

通讯作者：陈雪岚 , Email:xuelanchen162@163.com

Research progress on the mechanism and applications of nitrate respiration and anaerobic ammonium oxidation

ZHU Ling-Feng , CHEN Xue-Lan^*

Faculty of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China

Abstract:

Nitrate respiration occurs extensively in anaerobic and facultative anaerobes. In the presence of nitrate, microorganisms take nitrate as electron acceptor under microaerobic or anoxic conditions, which is coupled with the process of electron transfer respiratory chain to generate energy and maintain the basic life activities of cells. The respiration process of nitrate plays an important role in wastewater treatment, soil nitrogen conservation and microbial nitrogen cycling. Thus, it is of great significance to study nitrate respiration for environmental protection. In this paper, denitrification, dissimilatory reduction of nitrate to ammonium (DNRA) and anammox process with nitrate as indirect electron acceptor were reviewed, the structure and function of oxidoreductase gene cluster related to nitrate respiration and anammox were described, and the research status and future direction of development were summarized and prospected.

Communication Author：CHEN Xue-Lan , Email:xuelanchen162@163.com