《生命科学》 2021, 33(4): 401-406

多氨基酰-tRNA合成酶复合物的发生发展

曾奇玉^1,2 , 周小龙^1,2,* , 王恩多^1,2,3,*

¹中国科学院分子细胞科学卓越创新中心/生物化学与细胞生物学研究所，上海 200031 ²中国科学院大学，北京 100864 ³上海科技大学生命科学与技术学院，上海 201210

摘　要：

氨基酰-tRNA 合成酶(aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, aaRS) 是由管家基因编码的一类古老的蛋白质，其核心功能是催化对应的tRNA 和氨基酸形成氨基酰-tRNA，为蛋白质合成提供原料，从而将遗传信息翻译成蛋白质行使细胞的生物功能。随着生物进化的发展，越来越多的aaRS 进化出了新的结构域，从而使aaRS 功能更具有多样性，其中最明显的就是aaRS 介导产生的多氨基酰-tRNA 合成酶复合物(multiple synthetase complex, MSC)。该文将从进化发展的角度依次对古细菌、真核单细胞生物酿酒酵母(S. cerevisiae)、真核多细胞生物秀丽隐杆线虫 (C. elegans) 和高等真核生物哺乳动物体内的MSC 进行介绍，并综述已报道的它在体内的重要功能。

通讯作者：周小龙 , Email:xlzhou@sibcb.ac.cn 王恩多 , Email:edwang@sibcb.ac.cn

The development of multiple synthetase complex (MSC)

ZENG Qi-Yu^1,2 , ZHOU Xiao-Long^1,2,* , WANG En-Duo^1,2,3,*

¹Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China ²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China ³School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China

Abstract:

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS) is an important class of ancient proteins encoded by housekeeping genes, and its main function is to catalyze the formation of aminoacyl-tRNA from corresponding tRNA and amino acid. Thus, the genetic information can be transformed into proteins that participate in the process of activity of cell. As organisms evolve, more and more aaRSs have emerged new domains, which make the functions of aaRS more diverse. The most obvious one is the multiple synthetase complex (MSC) constructed by aaRSs. In this paper, we will introduce the MSC in Archaea, single-celled eukaryotic microorganism S. cerevisiae, multicellular organism C. elegans and mammalian cells from the perspective of evolutionary development, and introduce their reported important functions in vivo.

Communication Author：ZHOU Xiao-Long , Email:xlzhou@sibcb.ac.cn WANG En-Duo , Email:edwang@sibcb.ac.cn