《生命科学》 2021, 33(2): 166-175

不同脂肪组织与动脉粥样硬化关系的研究进展

穆文娟 , 杨丽洁 , 宋赛赛 , 汤　妍^*

复旦大学基础医学院，代谢分子医学教育部重点实验室，上海 200032

摘　要：

动脉粥样硬化是一种复杂的心血管疾病，由动脉内部脂质代谢紊乱和炎症引起，目前仍是全球死亡的主要原因之一。而肥胖引起的脂肪组织功能障碍能够诱发血脂异常、激活血管炎症，促进动脉粥样硬化的发生。脂肪组织包括白色脂肪组织(white adipose tissue, WAT)、棕色脂肪组织(brown adipose tissue, BAT)和血管周围脂肪组织(perivascular adipose tissue, PVAT)。不同类型的脂肪组织对于动脉粥样硬化的发生具有不同的调节作用。肥胖时，WAT释放脂肪酸增加，BAT和胸主动脉PVAT脂质燃烧减少，导致高脂血症，诱导动脉粥样硬化的发生；此外，肥胖时WAT和腹主动脉PVAT释放促炎因子，进一步促进动脉粥样硬化的发生。为了抵抗动脉粥样硬化的发展，减少WAT和腹主动脉PVAT中促炎因子、脂肪酸的释放，或通过激活BAT和胸主动脉PVAT促进WAT棕色化来增加脂肪酸燃烧的策略可能是最有效的。综上所述，在肥胖状态下，减少炎症和增加脂质燃烧的联合治疗可能是抑制动脉粥样硬化有效的方法。该文就不同脂肪组织在动脉粥样硬化发展中的独特作用，以及如何靶向这些脂肪组织以减少动脉粥样硬化的发生进行综述。

通讯作者：汤　妍 , Email:yantang@fudan.edu.cn

Research progress of different adipose tissues and atherosclerosis

MU Wen-Juan , YANG Li-Jie , SONG Sai-Sai , TANG Yan^*

Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China

Abstract:

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by lipid metabolism disorder. The related diseases can be considered as the most important cause of death in the world. The dysfunction of adipose tissue can induce dyslipidemia, activate vascular inflammation and promote the development of atherosclerosis. There are three kinds of adipose tissues including white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT) and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), which have different effects on the development of atherosclerosis. In obesity, increased fatty acids release by WAT and decreased lipid combustion by BAT and thoracic PVAT both lead to hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. In addition, pro-inflammatory factors released by WAT and abdominal PVAT could further promote atherosclerosis. To resist atherosclerosis development, strategies that reduce the release of proinflammatory factors and fatty acids by WAT and abdominal PVAT, or increase combustion of fatty acids by activation of BAT and thoracic PVAT and browning of WAT are probably efficient. In conclusion, combination therapy of reducing inflammation and increasing lipid combustion is probably an effective way to defeat atherosclerosis. In this paper, we will focus on the distinct role of different adipose tissues in the development of atherosclerosis, and the therapy to target these adipose tissues to inhibit atherosclerosis.

Communication Author：TANG Yan , Email:yantang@fudan.edu.cn