《生命科学》 2020, 32(10): 1116-1123
运动在肥胖相关谷氨酸受体突触可塑性变化中的潜在作用
摘 要：
肥胖已成为全球健康问题的重要原因，增加了心血管、内分泌和精神类疾病的风险。尽管改变饮食习惯和生活方式是肥胖防治的重要策略，但长期保持健康体重仍然是一大挑战。肥胖与成瘾性药物滥用相关的奖赏环路在很大程度上存在重叠，肥胖的形成可能与成瘾性药物滥用具有相似的神经可塑机制，即奖赏障碍诱发相关突触可塑性的紊乱，如长时程增强，同时伴有过度进食等多种行为缺陷。维持突触可塑性的一个主要机制涉及中枢神经系统中α-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基-4-异恶唑丙酸受体(AMPARs)的动力学和含量。奖赏障碍诱导肥胖引发的AMPARs破坏，包括其在谷氨酸能突触的异常表达、转运和钙电导，这会引发兴奋性突触可塑性。运动具有促进神经元突触可塑性的作用，然而，运动对奖赏障碍及其诱导肥胖状态下AMPARs的影响仍不清楚。该文在阐述肥胖相关进食动机及食物奖赏神经回路特点和突触可塑性的基础上，就运动如何影响这些回路的神经生理学改变方面进行了探讨，分析了奖赏障碍及其相关肥胖状态下AMPARs与突触可塑性的关系，以及运动的潜在作用，为肥胖的运动防治提供了新的理论视角。
通讯作者：陈 巍 , Email:chenwei@hebtu.edu.cn
Abstract:
Obesity has become an important cause of global health problems, increasing the risk of cardiovascular, endocrine, and psychiatric disorders. Though many people lose weight through changes in diet and lifestyle, keeping the weight off remains a challenge. The reward circuits associated with obesity and addictive drug abuse largely overlap, and the formation of obesity may share similar neuroplastic mechanisms with addictive drug abuse, that is, reward disorders induce disturbances in related synaptic plasticity, such as long-term potentiation, accompanied by various behavioral deficits such as excessive eating. One major mechanism sustaining synaptic plasticity involves the dynamics and contents of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) in the central nervous system. AMPARs disruption induced by reward disorder-induced obesity includes abnormal expression, transport, and calcium conductance at glutamatergic synapses, triggering excitatory synaptic plasticity. Exercise plays a role in promoting neuronal synaptic plasticity, however, the effects of exercise on AMPARs in reward disorders and their induced obese states remain unclear. In this paper, based on the elaboration of obesityrelated eating motivation and the characteristics and synaptic plasticity of food reward neural circuits, we discuss how exercise affects the neurophysiological changes of these circuits. To analyze the relationship between AMPARs and synaptic plasticity in reward disorders and their related obese states, as well as the potential role of exercise will provide a new theoretical perspective for exercise-mediated prevention and treatment of obesity.
Communication Author：CHEN Wei , Email:chenwei@hebtu.edu.cn
