《生命科学》 2020, 32(10): 993-1013

神经科学和类脑人工智能发展：新进展、新趋势

张学博¹ , 阮梅花¹ , 袁天蔚¹ , 王慧媛¹ , 刘　晓¹ , 韩　雪² , 傅　璐³ , 熊　燕¹ , 张　旭^4,5,*

¹中国科学院上海营养与健康研究所，上海生命科学信息中心，上海 200031 ²中国神经科学学会，上海 200031 ³上海市神经科学学会，上海 200031 ⁴中国科学院上海分院，中国科学院上海交叉学科研究中心，上海 200031 ⁵张江实验室脑与智能科技研究院，上海 201210

摘　要：

神经科学研究有助于深入理解大脑，加速推动神经系统疾病治疗手段和策略的开发以及相关产业的发展。同时，神经科学与计算科学、信息科学、人工智能等领域的交叉融合还将推动类脑智能的发展。该文基于中国神经科学学会“神经科学方向预测及技术路线图研究”项目对神经科学和类脑智能国内外发展态势的系统总结，进一步分析了各国脑计划实施过程中的调整和变化；总结了近几年脑图谱绘制、脑区神经环路解析、脑疾病机理研究等方面的重要成果，以及相关技术进展；梳理了国内外神经技术企业的重点研发方向和投融资情况，并展望了该领域的发展趋势及其潜在影响。

通讯作者：张　旭 , Email:xu.zhang@ion.ac.cn

Neuroscience and brain-inspired artificial intelligence: new progress and trends

ZHANG Xue-Bo¹ , RUAN Mei-Hua¹ , YUAN Tian-Wei¹ , WANG Hui-Yuan¹ , LIU Xiao¹ , HAN Xue² , FU Lu³ , XIONG Yan¹ , ZHANG Xu^4,5,*

¹Shanghai Information Center for Life Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China ²The Chinese Neuroscience Society, Shanghai 200031, China ³The Shanghai Society for Neuroscience, Shanghai 200031, China ⁴Shanghai Institute for Advanced Studies, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Branch, Shanghai 200031, China ⁵Institute of Brain-Intelligence Science and Technology, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai 201210, China

Abstract:

Neuroscience contributes to better understanding of the brain and accelerates the development of therapies in neurological disorders and the growth of neurotechnology industry. Brain-inspired intelligence will be promoted by the convergence of neuroscience, brain science and computing science, information science, artificial intelligence and other fields. The program "Prospection of Neuroscience Direction and Research on Technology Road Map" supported by the Chinese Society of Neuroscience systematically summarized the growing trends of neuroscience and brain-inspired intelligence worldwide. Based on the previous findings, we further analyze the implementation situation of brain initiatives in developed countries. The significant research outputs of brain mapping, neural circuits, brain diseases, related technologies are summarized. We also analyze the major research area and the investment and financing situation of domestic and foreign neurotechnology enterprises. In the end, the developing trends and potential impact in neuroscience are summarized.

Communication Author：ZHANG Xu , Email:xu.zhang@ion.ac.cn