《生命科学》 2020, 32(9): 903-914

TRP通道超家族的基本特征及其与疾病的关系

贾振华^1,2 , 黄　渊^1,2,* , 唐景峰^1,2 , 陈兴珍^1,2,*

¹湖北工业大学生物工程与食品学院，武汉 430068 ²湖北工业大学国家外专局/教育部细胞调控与分子药物“111”引智基地，武汉 430068

摘　要：

瞬时受体电位通道(transient receptor potential channel, TRP) 是细胞膜上的一类阳离子通道，广泛参与感知各种细胞内外刺激及维持离子稳态等多种生命活动。TRP 通道超家族的成员均具有六个跨膜片段、不同程度的序列同源性以及能够渗透阳离子等相似之处，也显示出特异性的激活机制和阳离子选择性。TRP 通道在细胞快速感受外界刺激以及细胞增殖、分化和凋亡等方面起着至关重要的作用，其表达或者活性异常能够引起严重的人类疾病。因此，TRP 通道在细胞以及人类健康中发挥着重要作用。该文拟从TRP通道超家族的基本特征、门控特性以及TRP 通道活性失调导致疾病的机制三个主要方面进行综述，促使人们全面了解TRP 通道超家族。

通讯作者：黄　渊 , Email:yuanh113@163.com 陈兴珍 , Email:xingzhenchen_hut@163.com

Basic characteristics of TRP channel superfamily and its relationship with diseases

JIA Zhen-Hua^1,2 , HUANG Yuan^1,2,* , TANG Jing-Feng^1,2 , CHEN Xing-Zhen^1,2,*

¹School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China ²HBUT National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China

Abstract:

Transient receptor potential channel (TRP) is a type of cation channel on the cell membrane, which is widely involved in sensing intracellular and extracellular stimuli and maintaining ion homeostasis in various life activities. Members of the TRP channel superfamily all have similarities such as six transmembrane domain, varying degrees of sequence homology and the ability to penetrate cations. However, they show specific activation mechanisms and cation selectivity. TRP channels play a vital role in the rapid perception of external stimuli and cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Abnormal expression or activity can result in serious human diseases. Therefore, TRP channels are closely related to cell and human health. This paper aims to summarize the TRP channel superfamily from three main aspects: the basic characteristics, the gating selectivity and the mechanism of TRP channelopathy, so as to provide a comprehensive understanding of the TRP channel superfamily.

Communication Author：HUANG Yuan , Email:yuanh113@163.com CHEN Xing-Zhen , Email:xingzhenchen_hut@163.com