《生命科学》 2019, 31(5): 458-472

植物来源的二萜化合物的生物合成研究

益　萱1，贺庆利2*，刘　文3*

(1 上海大学化学系，上海 200444；2 上海中医药大学创新中药研究院，上海 201203；
    3 中国科学院上海有机化学研究所，生命有机国家重点实验室，上海 200032)

摘　要：摘　要：二萜化合物广泛地存在于动物、植物和微生物中。由于其化学结构多样性和良好的生物活性，越来越多的二萜类化合物作为药物走进大众的视野，并受到越来越多的科学工作者的关注。绝大多数的二萜化合物来源于植物，但是随着植物药材的长期开发，野生植物药材资源日益减少，人工种植植物药材品质日渐退化，而揭示其中关键活性成分的生物合成机制，以合成生物学的策略改造的微生物作为“细胞工厂”，是解决上述问题的重要手段。该文主要以二萜合酶为线索，概述了植物来源的二萜类化合物的生物合成研究进展，探究二萜化合物结构的多样性及其生物合成研究的前景和发展趋势。

The biosynthesis of diterpenoids from plants

YI Xuan1， HE Qing-Li2*， LIU Wen3*

(1 Department of Chemistry， Shanghai University， Shanghai 200444， China; 2 Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine， Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine， Shanghai 201203， China; 3 State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry， Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry， Chinese Academy of Sciences， Shanghai 200032， China)

Abstract: Abstract: Diterpenoids widely exist in animals， plants and microorganisms. Due to their chemical structure diversity and remarkable biological activities， increasing amounts of diterpenoids have affected our lives as clinical drugs， and also have attracted more attentions from scientists. Most of the known diterpenoids are isolated from plants. However， with the long-term development of plant medicinal herbs， the resources of wild medicinal herbs are decreasing quickly， and the quality of herbs artificially planted is increasingly becoming degraded. The characterization of the biosynthetic pathways of key active ingredients of plants is a crucial step to solve the above problems in microorganisms as “cell factories” using synthetic biology strategies. With diterpene synthase as a clue，we summarized current progress in the biosynthesis of diterpenoids from plants， and explored the structure diversity of diterpenoids and the prospective and trends of the research on their biosynthesis.