《生命科学》 2019, 31(3): 310-315
摘 要：摘 要：古人类与现代人是否发生过杂交一直是人类演化中的一个重要问题，一直以来人们普遍认为这种杂交是没有发生过的。古DNA 实验技术及高通量测序技术的出现和发展让这一问题得到了新的答案，非洲之外人群确实与早期智人发生过基因交流，借助高通量测序技术确定现代欧亚地区人群依旧携带有尼安德特人DNA，而其中东亚人群所携带的比例要高于西欧地区人群。2008 年，在俄罗斯的丹尼索瓦山洞发掘出了一种未知的古人类化石，他们是一类已经灭绝的人属成员。尽管丹尼索瓦人生活在西伯利亚，他们却和新几内亚、澳洲原住民人群亲缘关系更近，而没有或者极小程度地对东亚人贡献了DNA。对于尼安德特人和丹尼索瓦人的研究都说明现代人对古人类的替代没有在亚欧大陆发生。2017 年，中国完成了一种被称为田园洞人的早期现代人的DNA 测序，对田园洞人的线粒体DNA 与核DNA 分析显示出现代人扩散路线的复杂性。
Abstract: Abstract: Whether archaic humans and modern humans had admixture is an important question in human evolution. For a long time， it has been widely accepted that this kind of interbreeding didn’t happen. As the emergence and advancements in ancient DNA experimental methods and high-throughput sequencing technology，the question had a new answer， reconstructing the interactions between modern non-African and extinction archaic humans proved that modern humans and archaic humans indeed interbred in the past. Using the high-throughput sequencing technology， researchers found modern non-African are still keeping Neanderthals genome， and East Asians carry more Neandertal DNA than West European. In 2008， researchers found a kind of new archaic humans in Denisovans cave， Russia. They are an extinct species or subspecies of archaic humans in genus Homo. Although Denisovans lived in Siberia， they are related with New Guinean and Australian aborigines and have no or a little contribution to East Asians DNA. Both researches of Neanderthals and Denisovans showed the substitution didn’t happen in Eurasia. In 2017， China completed their first aDNA sequencing. Analysis on both mtDNA and nDNA of Tianyuan men suggested the complicate geographic spread of modern humans.
