《生命科学》 2019, 31(3): 232-240

可变多聚腺苷酸化与肿瘤

田路松，赵晓航*

(中国医学科学院北京协和医学院，国家癌症中心/国家肿瘤临床医学研究中心/肿瘤医院，分子肿瘤学国家重点实验室，北京 100021)

摘　要：摘　要：可变多聚腺苷酸化(alternative polyadenylation， APA) 是真核细胞mRNA 成熟过程中针对前体mRNA 3′ 端的一种加工修饰方式，是重要的转录后调控机制。APA 通过调控3′ 非翻译区(3′ UTR) 长度而影响mRNA 稳定性、翻译效率和定位。内含子多聚腺苷酸化(intronic polyadenylation， IPA) 通过形成丢失重要结构域的截短型蛋白实现对靶基因的调控，参与形成肿瘤新抗原。APA 具有肿瘤特异性，有可能用于肿瘤分子分型和靶向治疗。现对APA 的形成过程和分类、高通量发现APA 的测序和分析技术进展，以及APA对肿瘤发生发展的影响进行综述。

Alternative polyadenylation in human cancer

TIAN Lu-Song， ZHAO Xiao-Hang*

(State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology， National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital， Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College， Beijing 100021， China)

Abstract: Abstract: Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is a processing and modification mechanism occurring at 3′ ends of pre-mRNA during eukaryotic mRNA maturation， which is an important regulatory mechanism of gene posttranscription. APA can affect mRNA stability， translation efficiency， and location of mRNA by regulating the length of the 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR). Intronic polyadenylation (IPA) regulates gene functions and causes tumor neoantigens formation by forming truncated proteins that lose important domains. APA has tumor specificity and may be used for cancer molecular classifications and targeted therapy. This review summarized the formation mechanism and categories of APA， the development of high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis algorithm applied for APA analysis， and the impact on tumorigenesis APA resulted in.