《生命科学》 2018, 30(11): 1221-1227

非洲爪蟾在神经系统疾病研究中的应用

丁楠季莎，高娟妹，洪金炜，沈万华*

(杭州师范大学浙江省器官发育与再生技术研究重点实验室，杭州 310036)

摘　要：摘　要：在生物医学研究领域，使用合适的动物模型研究大脑运行机制和疾病机理至关重要。作为经典的脊椎动物模型，非洲爪蟾在研究神经环路构建和功能以及神经疾病的分子机制中具有一定优势。因为非洲爪蟾的胚胎发育过程与人类器官形成过程相似，同时，神经系统疾病往往与神经系统功能异常和发育缺陷有关，所以一些人类疾病在基因和形态上的功能机制可以通过非洲爪蟾的胚胎发育模型进行在体研究，且神经前体细胞的增殖分化以及视觉刺激依赖的神经环路稳态和功能研究已经相对成熟。目前，该模型已经在癫痫和自闭症及表观遗传调控等相关疾病的研究上得到了应用。该文将分别介绍非洲爪蟾蝌蚪模型在环境毒物诱发疾病、神经发育障碍以及表观遗传疾病机制研究领域的最新进展。

Using Xenopus as an animal model to study neurological diseases

DING Nan-Ji-Sha， GAO Juan-Mei， HONG Jin-Wei， SHEN Wan-Hua*

(Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration， Hangzhou Normal University， Hangzhou 310036， China)

Abstract: Abstract: It is very important to use appropriate animal models to study the mechanism of brain function and disease mechanism in the field of biomedical research. As a classical vertebrate animal model， Xenopus has many advantages in studying the construction and function of neural circuits and the molecular mechanism of neurological diseases. For some human diseases， the genetic and morphological mechanisms can be studied in vivo through the embryo development model of Xenopus which is similar to that of human beings. Furthermore， the nervous system diseases are often associated with abnormal functional and developmental defects of the nervous system. It is relatively mature for the study of proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cells and the visual experiencedependent neural circuit homeostasis and function in the developing central nervous system. At present， the model has been used in epilepsy， autism， epigenetic regulation related diseases. This review will introduce the latest advances in the field of environmental toxicants induced diseases， neurodevelopmental disorders， and epigenetic diseases using Xenopus tadpole model.