《生命科学》 2018, 30(10): 1044-1050

冠层光能利用效率改良的理论、分子途径及展望

宋青峰1，曲明南1，徐建龙2，朱新广1*

(1 中国科学院分子植物科学卓越创新中心/植物生理生态研究所，植物分子遗传国家重点实验室，上海 200032；2 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所，北京 100081)

摘　要：摘　要：当前作物的冠层光合效率仅仅是理论冠层光能利用效率的30% 甚至更低，提高冠层光能利用效率是未来高光效改良的关键。由于冠层内部光环境和叶片生理状态的巨大差异，三维冠层光合模型是解析控制冠层光合效率的关键因子的重要理论手段。通过光合系统生物学手段，目前一系列提高光线、CO2 供给及改良光合器官效率的手段已经得以明确。在不同作物中，确立改良冠层光合效率的有效途径、建立实现高光效的有效分子模块及其组合方式、建立分子改造的分子工具包及设计工具是当前冠层光合效率研究的核心内容。

The canopy light use efficiency

SONG Qing-Feng1， QU Ming-Nan1， XU Jian-Long2， ZHU Xin-Guang1*

(1 National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics， CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences， Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology， Chinese Academy of Sciences， Shanghai 200032， China; 2 Institute of Crop Sciences， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Beijing 100081， China)

Abstract: Abstract: The canopy light use efficiency (Φcan) is less than 30% of the maximal theoretical efficiency in most of the current crops， and improving canopy photosynthetic efficiency is crucial to gain increased crop light use efficiency for greater yields. Due to the high levels of the heterogeneities in both the canopy light microclimate and also the leaf photosynthetic physiological properties at different layers of a canopy， three dimensional canopy
    photosynthesis model is a major tool used to analyze limiting factors controlling Φcan. Through photosynthesis systems biology research， a number of options which can enhance the ability of delivering more CO2 and light to photosynthetic apparatus and increase the capacity of the photosynthetic apparatus have been identified. The urgent research tasks needed now to improve Φcan in different crops include testing the effectiveness of different options to improve Φcan， identify molecular modules and their optimal combinations to improve Φcan， and finally to establish a set of molecular tools to facilitate design and engineering Φcan.