摘 要：摘 要：本文针对2004年爆发的禽流感疫病，回顾了2004年至2005年期间禽流感病毒的研究进展。逆转录聚合酶链式反应技术为禽流感病毒的分型提供了一种快速、可靠、准确的方法。对H5N1禽流感病毒致病机制的研究发现，其强致病性在于它可以躲避人类抗病毒细胞因子的作用，NS1基因编码蛋白的92位谷氨酸在其中发挥了关键作用。由于禽流感疾病多引起结膜炎，并与病毒细胞受体的研究结果相结合，有科学家认为眼部特异性是禽流感病毒的一个总体特征。社会普遍关注禽流感疫苗的研制，人类和禽类流感A型病毒M2蛋白胞外区域的序列比对工作为疫苗研制提供了一条新的思路，依据神经氨酸酶抑制剂抑制病毒的出芽繁殖原理的疫苗正在研制过程中，而利用siRNA预防和治疗禽流感也是很有潜力的一种方法。禽流感病毒研究的另一个热点是病毒基因节段的重配问题。
关键词：禽流感；病毒；RT-PCR；siRNA；疫苗；基因节段重配
Abstract: Abstract: This article reviews the progress made in the study on avian influenza viruses during 2004 and 2005. The technology of RT-PCR proves to be a rapid, accurate and reliable way to do genetic subtyping of influenza A viruses. The pathogenic mechanism of H5N1 influenza viruses lies in that they are resistant to the anti-viral factor of human. The nonstructural (NS) gene of H5N1 viruses is associated with this resistance, and the resistance requires the presence of glutamic acid at position 92 of the NS1 molecule. Many avian influenza patients suffered from conjunctivitis, and based on the study on cell receptors of virus, scientists raised the question of whether an ocular tropism is a general feature of avian influenza viruses. Sequence comparison between the extracellular domain of M2 protein in human and avian influenza A virus provides new information for influenza vaccine design; virus budding can be restricted by a neuraminidase inhibitor; siRNAs also show promise for the treatment of influenza. Reassortment of viruses is another key point into which scientists are diving.
Key words: avian influenza; virus; RT-PCR; siRNA; vaccine; reassortment
