《生命科学》 2018, 30(6): 690-700

CRISPR-Cas9技术的原理及其在猪研究中的应用

李晓开1，2，龙科任1，2，麦苗苗1，2，王　讯1，2*

(1 四川农业大学动物科技学院动物遗传育种研究所，成都 611130； 2 畜禽遗传资源发掘与创新利用四川省重点实验室，成都 611130)

摘　要：摘　要：成簇的规律间隔的短回文重复序列(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats， CRISPR)及其相关蛋白(CRISPR-associated proteins， Cas) 是细菌和古生菌中抵抗外源病毒或质粒入侵的获得性免疫系统，目前已经被广泛应用于动物基因组编辑。现回顾CRISPR-Cas9 系统的发展历程并比较其与锌指核酸酶(ZFNs)、类转录激活因子效应物核酸酶(TALENs) 技术的优势，详细介绍了CRISPR-Cas9 系统的组成成分和各组分的功能以及其编辑基因组的原理，着重梳理了CRISPR-Cas9 系统在猪生产性能、抗病育种、人类模式动物构建和异种器官移植方面的最新研究进展，以期为CRISPR-Cas9 系统的进一步应用提供参考。

The principle of CRISPR-Cas9 technology and its application in pig research

LI Xiao-Kai1，2， LONG Ke-Ren1，2， MAI Miao-Miao1，2， WANG Xun1，2*

(1 Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding， College of Animal Science and Technology， Sichuan Agricultural University， Chengdu 611130， China; 2 Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province， Sichuan Agricultural University， Chengdu 611130， China)

Abstract: Abstract: CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas (CRISPR-associated proteins) is an acquired immune system found in bacteria and archaea that fights against the invasion of viruses or plasmids. It has been widely used in animal genome editing. In this review， we summarized the development of the CRISPRCas9 system and compared its advantages with zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) technology， and introduced in detail the composition of the CRISPR-Cas9 system and the function of each component， as well as the principle of editing of genome. We focused on the recent research progress of the CRISPR-Cas9 system in pig production performance， disease-resistant breeding， construction of human-mode animal and xenotransplantation. This review may provide a reference for the research on the CRISPRCas9 system in pigs.