《生命科学》 2018, 30(5): 567-574
摘 要：摘 要：细胞自噬是真核细胞中广泛存在的一种自我保护机制，是细胞在应激情况下通过溶酶体或液泡高度保守的降解途径将细胞内异常蛋白和细胞器降解为生物大分子，重新被细胞利用的过程。适度的运动锻炼可以诱导机体多种组织细胞自噬的激活，增强机体的活力，延缓机体的衰老。运动训练可以刺激骨骼肌细胞自噬水平上调，延缓骨骼肌衰老；运动训练作为一种机械性刺激可以通过调节心肌细胞的自噬激活调控长寿命或错误折叠心肌蛋白和受损细胞器的代谢，延缓心肌衰老；此外，细胞自噬与糖尿病、肿瘤、脑血管疾病、衰老及心脏病等密切相关，运动训练可以预防动脉粥样硬化等血管类疾病的发生，也可以通过调控细胞自噬来预防与治疗心脏病、中风、糖尿病等疾病。现主要论述细胞自噬的涵义与分类，细胞自噬不同阶段的分子机制，以及运动训练通过调控细胞自噬相关基因调控骨骼肌、心肌和自噬相关疾病的分子机制，为使用科学的运动训练方式来提高机体功能及预防和治疗疾病提供了理论依据。
Abstract: Abstract: Autophagy is a ubiquitous self-protection mechanism in eukaryotic cells. It is a process that cells can degrade intracellular abnormal proteins and organelles into biological macromolecules through the highly-conserved lysosomal or vacuolar degradation pathway under stress conditions for further reusing by cells. Moderate exercise can induce the activation of autophagy in various tissues of the body， enhance the vitality of the body， and delay the aging of the organism; exercise can stimulate the level of autophagy in skeletal muscle cells and slow the aging of skeletal muscle. As a mechanical stimulation， exercise can regulate the metabolism of the long life or misfolding of myocardial proteins and damaged organelles by activating autophagy of cardiac myocytes; in addition， autophagy is closely related to diabetes， tumor， cerebrovascular disease， aging and heart disease. Exercise can prevent the occurrence of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis， and can prevent and treat diseases such as heart disease， stroke and diabetes by regulating autophagy. This article mainly discusses the connotation and classification of autophagy， the molecular mechanism of different stages of autophagy and the molecular mechanism by which exercise training regulates skeletal muscle， myocardium and autophagy-related diseases by regulating autophagy
