《生命科学》 2018, 30(5): 559-566

ADARs对病毒感染的影响及其作用机制

刘晴晴1， 2，杨振华1*，龙健儿2*

(1 上海市宝山区中西医结合医院检验科，上海 201999；2 复旦大学基础医学院病原生物学系，上海 200032)

摘　要：摘　要：双链RNA 依赖的腺苷酸脱氨酶(adenosine deaminase acting on RNA， ADAR) 是一组催化双链RNA腺苷(A) 脱氨基产生次黄嘌呤(I) 的RNA 编辑酶。ADARs 具有多种功能，如编辑蛋白质编码区可引起蛋白质功能改变；编辑非编码区可以控制mRNA 水平和翻译效率；编辑miRNA 前体使其成熟过程被抑制，编辑miRNA 靶位点导致下游靶基因沉默；还可以控制组织发育和造血，保证器官正常发育等。近年来研究表明，ADARs 在病毒的感染与复制过程中也发挥重要作用，如ADARs 可促进VSV、HDV 等病毒的复制，而对MV、HCV 等病毒显示出抗病毒作用。现主要就ADARs 在病毒感染与复制过程中的作用及其分子机制做一综述。

The role of ADARs in viral infections and its molecular mechanism

LIU Qing-Qing1，2， YANG Zhen-Hua1*， LONG Jian-Er2*

(1 Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine， Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine， Shanghai 201999， China; 2 Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology， Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University， Shanghai 200032， China)

Abstract: Abstract: Adenosine deaminases acting on dsRNA (ADARs) are RNA editing enzymes， which can bind doublestranded RNAs and convert adenosine (A) to inosine (I). ADARs have a variety of functions， such as editing protein coding regions that can cause changes in protein function; editing non-coding regions to control mRNA levels and translational efficiency; editing miRNA precursors to inhibit their maturation; editing miRNA target sites that can lead to downstream target genes silencing; controlling the development of tissues and hematopoiesis to ensure normal organ development. In recent years， studies have shown that ADARs also play an important role in the process of virus infection and replication. For example， ADARs can promote the replication of viruses such as VSV and HDV， while display antiviral effects on viruses such as MV and HCV. This article mainly reviews the roles and molecular mechanisms of ADARs in virus infection and replication.