《生命科学》 2018, 30(4): 447-454
摘 要：摘 要：赖氨酸乙酰化是一种重要的翻译后修饰。细胞内的蛋白质，特别是代谢酶，广泛受乙酰化修饰的调控。乙酰化修饰由乙酰化酶和去乙酰化酶调节，对细胞的物质代谢和能量稳态进行多层次、复杂而又精细的调控。乙酰化酶和去乙酰化酶活性的发挥依赖中间代谢产物，且多种代谢物能够调控乙酰化酶和去乙酰化酶的催化活力。因此，乙酰化修饰是调控细胞代谢的重要机制。此外，乙酰化修饰能够调节自噬和营养物质感受通路，从而调控细胞的物质和能量稳态；乙酰化修饰对组蛋白的调节则能根据细胞的营养状态在表观遗传水平改变基因的表达，使细胞高效地应对不同的营养和压力状态。乙酰化修饰与代谢相关疾病的发生发展具有重要联系，对乙酰化调控的研究将极大增进人们对细胞代谢、表观遗传等生命活动的认识。
Abstract: Abstract: Lysine acetylation is an important post-translational modification. Numerous proteins， in particular metabolic enzymes， are extensively modified by acetylation within cells. Lysine acetylation is reciprocally regulated by acetylases and deacetylases. Cellular metabolism and energy homeostasis are modulated by lysine acetylation at multiple levels in a complicate and delicate manner. The activity of acetylases and deacetylases is dependent on key metabolic intermediates， and specifically modified by diverse metabolites. Thus， lysine acetylation is emerging as a key mechanism in the regulation of cellular metabolism. In addition， lysine acetylation is involved in the regulation of autophagy and nutrient sensing to maintain the balance of metabolism and energy production. Modification of histones by acetylation epigenetically links gene expression to nutritional status， rendering cells to more efficiently respond to nutritional or stress conditions. Consequently， acetylation is implicated in the development of multiple metabolism-related diseases. The knowledge of acetylation regulation will greatly advance our understanding of cellular metabolism， epigenetics， and other biological processes.
