RNA修饰的生物学功能
段洪超#,张 弛#,贾桂芳*
(北京大学合成与功能生物分子中心,北京分子科学国家研究中心,生物有机与分子工程教育部重点实验室,北京大学化学与分子工程学院化学生物学系,北京 100871)

摘 要:摘 要:上百种RNA修饰已经被发现,广泛分布于转运RNA (tRNA)、信使RNA (mRNA)、核糖体RNA (rRNA)及其他非编码RNA 中。mRNA 和tRNA 上的一些RNA 修饰被发现可逆动态调控且具有重要的生物学功能,如表观转录组修饰N6-甲基腺嘌呤(m6A) 可以被甲基转移酶“写”、去甲基酶“擦除”及结合蛋白“读”。m6A 通过m6A 结合蛋白调控RNA 加工代谢过程,从而传递m6A 对下游生理病理调控效应。该文拟从不同类型RNA 出发,综述RNA 修饰在mRNA、tRNA 及其他RNA 的代谢加工过程和相关功能中的调控作用,以及由此所影响的生理病理调控效应。

The biological regulation of RNA modifications
DUAN Hong-Chao#, ZHANG Chi#, JIA Gui-Fang*
(Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)

Abstract: Abstract: More than 100 post-transcriptional modifications have been found. RNA modifications widely occur on transfer RNA (tRNA), messager RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and other non-coding RNAs. The epitranscriptomic mark N6-methyladenosine (m6A) can be “written”, “read”, and “erased” via the action of a complex network of proteins. m6A-binding proteins read the m6A marks and transduce its downstream regulatory effects by altering RNA metabolic processes. In this review, we will summarize the biological regulations of RNA
    modifications on mRNA, tRNA and other RNAs and their downstream physiological and pathological effects.

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