《生命科学》 2018, 30(4): 391-406
摘 要:摘 要:RNA 修饰是指发生在RNA 上的各种修饰形式。自然界中的RNA 修饰广泛存在于A、U、C、G四类核苷酸上,此外,极少的RNA 修饰发生在次黄嘌呤核苷(I) 上。目前已经在古细菌、细菌、病毒和真核生物中发现超过140 种的RNA 转录后修饰形式。在各种类型的RNA 修饰中,甲基化修饰占到了三分之二,这些修饰广泛存在于各种RNA 类型中,包括信使RNA (mRNA)、转运RNA (tRNA)、核糖体RNA (rRNA)、核内小RNA (snRNA)、核仁小RNA(snoRNA)、微小RNA (miRNA)、小干扰RNA (siRNA)、piwi 蛋白相互作用的RNA (piRNA) 和长非编码RNA (lncRNA) 等。现介绍主要的RNA 修饰类型,并对其调控蛋白进行归纳总结。
Abstract: Abstract: RNA modifications are widely present on A, U, C, and G residues, only few of them exist on I residues. Over 140 types of posttranscriptional RNA modifications have been identified in archaea, bacteria, virus and eukaryotes. Among all of the RNA modifications, methylation accounts for two thirds, and exists in different RNA species including messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), small nuclear RNA (snRNA), small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), microRNA (miRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). Here, we mainly introduce the types of RNA modifications and their regulatory enzymes.