《生命科学》 2018, 30(2): 204-212

非编码RNA作为疾病诊断标志物

谭璐媛，王　妍，钟文静，龚　畅*

(中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院乳腺肿瘤中心，广州 510120)

摘　要：摘　要：非编码RNA (non-coding RNA， ncRNA) 是不具备编码蛋白质功能的基因组转录产物。研究逐步发现， ncRNA 的表达失调与人类疾病的发生密切相关。由于ncRNA 表达失调具有组织特异性，同时，在人类组织和体液中可被便捷、稳定地检测，许多研究开始关注ncRNA 作为临床疾病诊断标志物的应用潜能。现主要围绕微小分子RNA (miRNA) 和长非编码RNA (lncRNA) 在恶性肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病及神经系统疾病诊断中的作用进行综述；同时，也从ncRNA 失调与疾病发生的相互关系的角度展示了ncRNA 相较其他生物分子作为疾病诊断标志物的优势。

Non-coding RNA biomarkers for diagnosis of human diseases

TAN Lu-Yuan， WANG Yan， ZHONG Wen-Jing， GONG Chang*

(Breast Tumor Center， Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital， Sun Yat-sen University， Guangzhou 510120， China)

Abstract: Abstract: Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are transcripts without protein-coding functions. Increasing evidence demonstrates that dysregulation of ncRNA plays a critical role in interactions with the initiation of human diseases. Dysregulation of ncRNA has tissue specificity， and also can be stably and conveniently detected in both tissue and body fluids， which makes ncRNA as potential biomarkers for clinical diagnosis of human diseases. This review focuses on the role of miRNA (microRNA) and lncRNA (long non-coding RNA) in the diagnosis of malignant tumors， autoimmune diseases and neurological diseases. At the same time， we show the advantages of ncRNA compared to other molecules as biomarkers of disease diagnosis from the perspective of molecular mechanism.