《生命科学》 2018, 30(1): 113-123
摘 要：摘 要：目前GenBank 数据库共收录167 种直翅目昆虫全线粒体基因组序列，涉及蝗亚目9 个总科22 个科99 个物种，螽亚目7 个总科12 个科68 个物种。在此基础上，该文分析了直翅目昆虫线粒体基因组的基本特征，概述了线粒体全基因组在直翅目昆虫系统发育研究上的应用；同时基于线粒体全基因组序列重建了直翅目昆虫的系统发育关系。主要结果如下：(1) 直翅目昆虫存在8 种线粒体基因组排列类型，其中trnK-trnD 重排现象仅发生在蝗总科中，trnN-trnS-trnE 重排现象仅发生在蟋蟀总科中，trnM-trnI-(-trnQ) 重排现象仅发生在拟叶蟲亚科中；(2) 直翅目昆虫全线粒体基因组的碱基组成具有明显的AT 偏向性；(3) 不同的蛋白质编码基因在直翅目昆虫中的进化速率不同；(4) 支持直翅目以及螽亚目和蝗亚目的单系性；(5) 不支持沙螽总科单系性；(6) 支持蝗亚目各总科阶元的单系性，且各总科间的系统发育关系为：( 蚤蝼总科+ ( 蚱总科+ ( 䗛蜢总科+ ( 蜢总科+ ( 长角蝗总科+ ( 牛蝗总科+ 叶翅蝗总科) + ( 锥头蝗总科+ 蝗总科))))))。
Abstract: Abstract: To date， complete mitogenomes from 167 taxa within Orthoptera have been collected in GenBank database， which included extant representing 9 caeliferan superfamilies (22 caeliferan families with 99 taxa) and 7 ensiferan superfamilies (12 ensiferan families with 68 taxa). Based on these sequences， the basic characterization of orthopteran mitogenomes were analyzed， and we summarized the application in phylogenetic analysis of orthopteran mitogenomes. Moreover， a robust phylogeny of orthopteran were also established based on complete mitogenomes. The main results are as follows: (1) There are 8 patterns of gene arrangements in orthopteran mitogenomes， trnK-trnD only exists in caeliferan， trnN-trnS-trnE only exists in Grylloidea and trnM-trnI-(-trnQ)only exists in Pseudophyllinae; (2) The nucleotide composition in orthopteran mitogenomes showed obvious AT composition bias; (3) Different protein-coding genes have different evolutionary rates in Orthoptera; (4) The monophyly of Orthoptera， caeliferan and ensiferan was supported; (5) We failed to recover monophyly of Stenopelmatoidea; (6) The monophyly of superfamilies in caeliferan were all supported， and the relationships among 9 superfamilies of caeliferan were (Tridactyloidea + (Tetrigoidea + (Proscopioidea + (Eumastacoidea +(Tanaoceroidea + (Pneumoroidea + Trigonopterygoidea) + (Pyrgomorphoidea + Acridoidea)))))).
