《生命科学》 2017, 29(11): 1089-1099
摘 要:摘 要:嗅球(olfactory bulb, OB) 是哺乳动物嗅觉感知的第一级中转站,但是OB 不只是对嗅觉信息作简单的传递,嗅觉信息受OB 内神经环路的动态调节,并转变为时空特异的神经活动信息后才传递给下一级嗅皮层。由于OB 可以处理来自于不同气味受体的将近1 000 个不同通道的信息输入,也接受了大量的离心输入,同时,还表达了多种激素的受体,因此,OB 提供了一个研究神经网络在功能和发育上极为特异的理想模型。现综述了哺乳动物OB 的细胞构筑、局部神经微环路、嗅球到不同嗅皮层的向心输入、嗅球接收来自于嗅皮层和脑干调制类的离心输入以及各条神经环路可能的功能和对气味感知的影响。
Abstract: Abstract: In the mammals, olfactory bulb (OB) is the first station for sensory processing and olfactory perception in the olfactory system, but it is more than a simple relay. Olfactory information is accommodated dynamically by local circuits and translated to spatiotemporal information for the olfactory cortex. Because the OB is capable to process information inputs from nearly 1 000 different odor receptors, receives a large number of centrifugal inputs from cortex and neuromodulatory nucleus, and expresses a variety of hormone receptors, it provides an ideal model to study neural networks in both function and development. In this review, we summarize current understanding of the cellular components, local neural circuits, efferent pathways and centrifugal inputs in the OB, and functional significance of different neural pathways and their effects on olfactory perception.