《生命科学》 2017, 29(7): 669-681
摘 要：摘 要：人类肠道微生物组是一个数量庞大的微生物群落，它们与宿主互为影响，被认为是维持机体健康和许多疾病致病机制的重要环节。越来越多的研究认为，肠道正常菌群对于中枢神经系统的发育和情感的调控至关重要。随着微生物与大脑相互作用研究的深入，“肠- 脑轴”的概念也被进一步扩展为“微生物- 肠-脑轴”。目前，主要的研究集中于探究肠道微生物在健康和致病中的具体机制，如应激相关的疾病抑郁症、焦虑症等，神经退行性疾病帕金森病、阿尔兹海默症等。肠道微生物组与中枢神经系统的双向调节主要通过调节单胺类神经递质、下丘脑垂体肾上腺激活、调节神经营养因子分泌、神经免疫激活等途径来实现。微生物- 肠- 脑轴失衡可影响行为表型，导致神经精神疾病，因此，通过调节肠道微生物组成来治疗神经精神疾病是今后的研究热点。对神经精神疾病肠道微生物组的研究现状进行了总结，为肠道微生物组对神经心理的调控寻找更多的证据，以便能更好地理解微生物- 肠- 脑轴的潜在机制。
Abstract: Abstract: The human gut microbiome is composed of an enormous number of microorganisms， which is an integral part for health and disease generally regarded as commensal bacteria. It is becoming increasingly recognized that the presence of a healthy and diverse gut microbiota is important to the development of central nervous system and emotional processing. The interconnectedness of gut microbiome and brain function has significantly contributed to establishing the microbiota-gut-brain axis as an extension of the well-accepted gut-brain axis concept. Many efforts have been focused on delineating the role for this axis in health and disease， ranging from stress-related disorders such as depression， anxiety to neurodegenerative disease such as Parkinson's disease， Alzheimer's disease. The bidirectional interaction between the gut microbiota and the brain occurs through various pathways including the serotonin， hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis， neurotrophin， the immune system. This axis has been shown to influence the behaviors that are often associated with neuropsychiatric conditions. Modulation of this gut microbiota as a novel therapy for neuropsychiatric conditions is gaining interest. In this review， we summarize the status of neuropsychological microbiome， which provided evidence supporting the role of gut microbiota in modulating neuropsychological functions of the central nervous system and exploring the potential underlying mechanisms.
