《生命科学》 2017, 29(5): 501-506

星形胶质细胞在阿尔茨海默病中的作用及其分子机制

章　玲，张　衡，孙秉贵*

(浙江大学医学院神经科学研究所，卫生部医学神经生物学重点实验室，杭州 310058)

摘　要：摘　要：阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease， AD) 是一种多因素导致的神经退行性疾病。随着社会的老龄化，阿尔茨海默病的发病率呈逐渐上升的趋势，给患者以及社会带来极大的生理痛苦和经济负担。星形胶质细胞在中枢神经系统中数量最多、分布最广，对神经元有营养支持作用，并且还能够调控神经元的活性。在AD 的病理情况下，星形胶质细胞能参与Aβ 代谢影响老年斑的形成，分泌多种炎症因子和趋化因子参与AD 的病理进程，并且还能通过影响突触谷氨酸循环来调节神经元的活性。近年来，星形胶质细胞在AD的病理生理机制中的作用受到越来越多的关注。现就星形胶质细胞在AD 发病机制中的作用进行综述。

Role of astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease and the underlying molecular mechanisms

ZHANG Ling， ZHANG Heng， SUN Bing-Gui*

(Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Health of China， Institute of Neuroscience， School of Medicine， Zhejiang University， Hangzhou 310058， China)

Abstract: Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease resulting from multiple factors. With the ageing of our society， the incidence of AD is rising. As a result， severe physical pain and social burden will be brought. Astrocytes， the most abundant and widely distributed neuroglial cells in the brain， play a critical role in providing trophic support to neurons and regulating the activities of neurons. In the AD pathogenesis， astrocytes can participate in the metabolism of Aβ to affect the formation of senile plaques， secret a variety of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and can also affect the activity of neurons by affecting the synaptic glutamate recycle. In recent years， more and more attention has been paid to the role of astrocytes in the pathophysiology of AD. Here， we review the recent progress on the possible mechanisms of astrocytes in the development and progress of AD.