《生命科学》 2016, 28(11): 1391-1397
摘 要：摘 要：支持细胞是睾丸内的一类重要细胞，能为生精过程提供转运蛋白、调节蛋白、生长因子等数十种细胞因子，参与生精细胞成熟分化的调控，对睾丸内各级生殖细胞的迁移、增殖和分化具有重要的支持作用。研究表明，在Wnt/β-catenin 信号通路中，关键蛋白β-catenin 的适度激活能促进睾丸支持细胞的增殖、分化；在mTOR 信号通路中，mTOR 基因的缺失导致睾丸支持细胞的数量减少；在TGF-β 信号通路中，不同浓度的TGF-β 细胞因子影响睾丸支持细胞的增殖、分化。由此可见，Wnt/β-catenin 信号通路、mTOR 信号通路和TGF-β 信号通路在睾丸支持细胞的增殖和分化中均具有重要的调控作用。对这三条信号通路调节支持细胞增殖分化的机制以及它们之间的相互作用作一综述，旨在为深入研究调控睾丸支持细胞增殖的信号机制提供理论依据，从而进一步为雄性生育的调控及生殖方面的疾病治疗提供新思路和新方法。
Abstract: Abstract: Sertoli cells， an important class of cells in the testes， play key and supporting roles in regulating the migration， proliferation and differentiation of germ cells by providing transport proteins， regulatory proteins， growth factors and several cytokines to spermatogenesis. Previous studies showed that the moderately activated β-catenin can promote the proliferation and differentiation of Sertoli cells in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway as a key protein. The mTOR signaling pathway without mTOR gene decreases the number of Sertoli cells. In addition， the different levels of TGF-β cytokines in TGF-β signaling pathway also affect the proliferation and differentiation of Sertoli cells. As what can be seen from these facts， the Wnt/β-catenin， mTOR and the TGF-β signaling pathways all serve as key mediators in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of Sertoli cells. In this review， we described these three signaling pathways and their interaction in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of Sertoli cells， with an aim to provide new insights for further studies， as well as new ideas and methods for the regulation of male fertility and the treatment of reproductive diseases.
