《生命科学》 2016, 28(11): 1295-1307

神经科学和类脑人工智能发展：机遇与挑战

韩　雪1，阮梅花2，王慧媛2，袁天蔚2，王超男2，傅　璐3，陈　静3，王小理2，熊　燕2，张　旭4，5*

(1 中国神经科学学会，上海 200031；2 中国科学院上海生命科学信息中心，上海 200031；
    3 上海市神经科学学会，上海 200031；4 中国科学院上海生命科学研究院神经科学研究所，
    上海 200031；5 中国科学院上海分院，中国科学院上海交叉学科研究中心，上海 200031)

摘　要：摘　要：脑科学研究不仅是当前国际科技前沿的热点领域，也是理解自然和人类本身的“终极疆域”。在21 世纪第二个十年，神经科学和类脑人工智能革命性突破不断涌现，脑研究领域迎来“第二次浪潮”。对神经科学和类脑人工智能的发展趋势、全球主要国家和地区在神经科学和类脑人工智能领域的重大科技突破与战略布局进行梳理，形成我国发展神经科学和类脑人工智能的时代和国际背景；分析我国在该领域面临的机遇和问题，提出充分重视发展神经科学和类脑人工智能技术的必要性和紧迫性、建立强有力的工作机制、工程化设计筹划重大科技项目等建议。

Neuroscience and brain-inspired artificial intelligence: challenges and opportunities

HAN Xue1， RUAN Mei-Hua2， WANG Hui-Yuan2， YUAN Tian-Wei2， WANG Chao-Nan2， FU Lu3， CHEN Jing3， WANG Xiao-Li2， XIONG Yan2， ZHANG Xu4，5*

(1 The Chinese Neuroscience Society， Shanghai 200031， China; 2 Shanghai Information Center for Life Sciences， Chinese Academy of Sciences， Shanghai 200031， China; 3 The Shanghai Society for Neuroscience， Shanghai 200031， China;
    4 Institute of Neuroscience， Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences， Chinese Academy of Sciences， Shanghai 200031，China; 5 Shanghai Institute for Advanced Studies， Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Branch， Shanghai 200031， China)

Abstract: Abstract: As the “ultimate mystery” of understanding human being and the world， brain science is one of the most advanced area of life science. In the second decade of 21st century， the revolutionary breakthroughs of brain-inspired artificial intelligence are emerging， and the “second wave” of neuroscience development is coming. Based on the review of outstanding progress and strategic layouts on the global development trends of neuroscience and braininspired artificial intelligence， especially on the opportunities， deployment and existing problems of China in this area， we suggest that the necessity and urgency of neuroscience and brain-inspired artificial intelligence should be recognized. Meanwhile， a strong working mechanism should be set up and a big brain science program should be planned and implemented efficiently.