《生命科学》 2016, 28(9): 1089-1099

血管内皮细胞糖萼的观测技术研究进展

康红艳，刘佳佳，喻淼淼，邓小燕*

(北京航空航天大学生物与医学工程学院，生物力学与力生物学教育部重点实验室，北京 100191)

摘　要：摘　要：血管内皮细胞糖萼是位于内皮细胞顶膜的一层绒毛状多糖蛋白复合结构，其主要成分是糖蛋白(glycoprotein) 和蛋白聚糖(proteoglycan)，在感受流动剪切力、调节血管壁通透性、抑制血细胞对内皮的黏附及调控微循环流变学性质等方面起到了核心作用。糖萼受损将直接与糖尿病、缺血/ 再灌注损伤、动脉粥样硬化等疾病息息相关。准确揭示糖萼的结构，测定其力学性质，用之临床，如何在体观测糖萼，获得定量信息，对于糖萼力传导机制的研究及临床上心血管疾病的早期诊疗和防护将具有十分重要的意义。在简要回顾糖萼的发现历程后，着重针对迄今为止糖萼的病理意义、主要的观测手段、力学性质的测量技术加以综述。

The development of the visualization and measurement techniques of the endothelial glycocalyx

KANG Hong-Yan， LIU Jia-Jia， YU Miao-Miao， DENG Xiao-Yan*

(Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education，
    School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering， Beihang University， Beijing 100191， China)

Abstract: Abstract: The endothelial glycocalyx is a hair-like surface layer mainly consisted of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and its bearing core proteins. Due to its special location， the endothelial glycocalyx plays important roles in mechanotransduction， the regulation of vascular permeability， the rheological behavior of the microcirculation， and the adhesion of blood cells to the endothelium. The perturbation of the endothelial glycocalyx will be directly responsible for several pathophysiological sequelaes， such as diabetes， ischemia/reperfusion injury， and atherosclerosis. The precise determination of the structural and mechanical properties of the endothelial glycocalyx， depending on reliable visualization and measurement techniques， can contribute to the better understanding of mechanotransduction and provide theoretical support to the diagnosis， treatment， and protection of the cardiovascular disease. Thus， after a brief introduction of the discovery history of the endothelial glycocalyx， this review presents the pathological significance， the visualization and measurement techniques of the endothelial glycocalyx up to now.