《生命科学》 2016, 28(8): 933-940

间充质干细胞与免疫的相互作用：从基础研究到临床应用

李　清，唐　笛，王　莹，时玉舫*

(中国科学院上海生命科学研究院/上海交通大学医学院健康科学研究所，上海 200031)

摘　要：摘　要：间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells， MSCs) 是一种广泛存在于组织基质微环境中的多能干细胞，可以从多种组织中分离获得，如骨髓、脂肪、脐带等。MSCs 具有向脂肪细胞、成骨细胞、软骨细胞分化的多向分化潜能和强而有力的免疫调节作用，在多种疾病的治疗中具有广阔的应用前景。无论是内源性MSCs 还是外源输注的MSCs，均具有向损伤组织迁移的特性，参与调节组织修复过程，其中损伤组织中的炎症与MSCs 的相互作用在决定MSCs 的修复特性中发挥不可或缺的作用。不仅炎症因子刺激MSCs 的免疫抑制作用，而且，炎症因子的浓度和种类可以调节MSCs 发挥免疫抑制或增强作用，决定MSCs 免疫调节作用的可塑性。重点讨论MSCs 与免疫的交互调控在疾病致病及治疗中的作用及意义。

The interplay between mesenchymal stem cells and immune responses: from basic research to clinical application

LI Qing， TANG Di， WANG Ying， SHI Yu-Fang*

(Institute of Health Sciences， Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences，
    Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine， Shanghai 200031， China)

Abstract: Abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that exist in many tissues and can be easily isolated from bone marrow， adipose tissue， umbilical cord. These isolated and in vitro expanded MSCs have been shown to differentiate into adipocytes， osteoblasts， chondrocytes， and possess strong immunosuppressive ability， bringing new hopes for the treatment of many diseases. Both exogenously administered MSCs and tissue-resident MSCs are found to migrate to damaged tissues， where they participate in tissue repair. Their communication with the inflammatory microenvironment is an essential part of this process. Not only do inflammatory cytokines endow MSCs with the immunosuppressive ability， but also inflammatory stimuli confer on MSCs the ability to suppress the immune response in some cases or to enhance it in others， depending on their type and intensity. Here we review the current findings on the interplay between MSCs and immune responses in disease pathogenesis and therapy.