RNA干扰的机制及其应用
尚仁福,吴立刚*
(中国科学院上海生命科学研究院生物化学与细胞生物学研究所,分子生物学国家重点实验室,上海 200031)

摘 要:摘 要:RNA 干扰(RNA interference, RNAi) 是真核生物中高度保守的,由小分子干扰RNA (small interfering RNA, siRNA) 介导的转录后基因沉默现象,在基因功能的研究中得到了非常广泛的应用,并有望成为小核酸药物在疾病治疗中发挥重要作用。现对近年来RNAi 的作用机制、siRNA 的产生途径、引起RNAi 副作用的原因以及RNAi 表达载体的设计这四个方面的国内外研究进展进行了总结,对RNAi 与CRISPR 技术在应用中的关系进行了探讨,展望了RNAi 技术未来的发展。

Mechanism and application of RNA interference
SHANG Ren-Fu , WU Li-Gang*
(State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China)

Abstract: Abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) is an evolutionarily conserved post-transcriptional gene silencing mechanism mediated by small interfering RNA (siRNA) in eukaryotes, which has become a powerful tool to silence gene and holds great promising for combating human diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the mechanism of RNAi, off-target effects and designing of siRNA-expressing vectors. We also compare the RNAi with CRISPR technology and further discuss the prospect of its future applications.

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