《生命科学》 2016, 28(4): 436-441

氨基酰-tRNA合成酶的胞外功能

阮志荣1， 2，王恩多1， 2， 3*

(1 中国科学院上海生命科学研究院生物化学与细胞生物学研究所，分子细胞科学卓越创新中心，分子生物学国家重点实验室，上海 200031；2 中国科学院大学，北京 100049；3 上海科技大学，上海 200031)

摘　要：摘　要：氨基酰-tRNA 合成酶(aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase， aaRS) 的经典功能是为蛋白质的生物合成提供原料。越来越多的证据表明，多种aaRS 可以分泌到细胞外，以细胞分子的形式调控细胞乃至生物体的功能，参与和影响某些疾病的发生。分泌型aaRS 的功能形式存在三种：全长形式、水解后的短形式和疾病相关突变体。分泌型aaRS 可以调控多种靶细胞，包括内皮细胞、免疫细胞和神经细胞。随着研究的不断深入，将丰富人们对aaRS 分泌过程、功能机制和在人类疾病中的潜在作用的认识。拟从氨基酰-tRNA 合成酶作为胞外细胞分子的角度，简要介绍已报道的分泌型aaRS，其参与调节靶细胞的机制以及影响疾病发生的机理。

Extracellular function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

RUAN Zhi-Rong1，2， WANG En-Duo1，2，3*

(1 State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology， Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science， Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology， Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences， Chinese Academy of Sciences， Shanghai 200031， China; 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences， Beijing 100049， China; 3 ShanghaiTech University， Shanghai 200031， China)

Abstract: Abstract: Canonical function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS) is providing materials for protein biosynthesis. Emerging evidence shows that several aaRS can be secreted as extracellular cytokines， which further regulate cellular and organismal functions， and participate in the etiology of specific diseases. The functional form of secreted aaRS could be divided into three types: the whole molecules， proteolytic fragments and disease-associated mutants. Secreted aaRS could regulate a broad range of target cells including endothelial， immune cells and neuron cells.The ongoing investigations will provide us a more detailed picture of the process of aaRS secretion， their physiological function and potential roles in causing diseases. Herein， the identification of secreted aaRS， their intracellular regulatory mechanisms and pathological implications will be summarized.