《生命科学》 2016, 28(3): 391-398
摘 要：摘 要：植物病毒编码一些含有核定位信号(nuclear localization signal， NLS) 或者核输出信号(nuclear export signal， NES) 的核质转运蛋白，这些已被验证的转运蛋白有三种类型：核输入蛋白、核输出蛋白和核质穿梭 蛋白。它们通过识别寄主核质转运受体Importin α 和Importin β，介导含有经典核定位信号的蛋白质入核过程，以及寄主蛋白Ran 参与，由XPO1 介导的富含亮氨酸核输出信号的蛋白质出核过程。植物病毒核质转运蛋白利用寄主的转运机制，进出细胞核发挥相应功能，如介导病毒基因组的核输入和核输出、介导病毒长距离运输及系统侵染、抵抗寄主细胞启动的RNA 沉默、调节寄主细胞转录活性、调控病毒的复制及表达和参与病毒症状的形成等。对植物病毒蛋白核质转运的相关研究进展进行综述，着重介绍植物病毒蛋白核质转运类型、核输入和输出信号、转运机制和生物学意义，以及寄主蛋白介导的互作等研究的最新成果。
Abstract: Abstract: Some plant virus encoded proteins contain nuclear localization signals (NLS) or nuclear export signals (NES) that mediate nucleo-cytoplasmic transport by three types of transport proteins: nuclear import proteins， nuclear export proteins and nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling proteins. Virus proteins containing classical NLS are imported into the nucleus by recognizing the host nuclear transport receptors Importin α and Importin β， whereas the XPO1 protein mediates leucine-rich NES-dependent protein to export from the nucleus by involvement of the host Ran protein. The plant virus nucleo-cytoplasmic transport proteins get in and out of the nucleus to regulate biological functions through the host transport mechanism. Such functions include meditating nuclear import and export of the viral genome， local and long-distance virus movement， resisting host-induced RNA silencing， controlling virus replication and expression， regulating transcriptional activity of host cells and development of the disease phenotype. This review presents an overview of research advances in nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of plant virus proteins. We have mainly focused on types of nucleo-cytoplasmic transport proteins and their NLS and NES motifs， mechanisms of action and biological significance， and the host protein- mediated interactions.
