《生命科学》 2016, 28(3): 325-336

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的遗传变异与演化

杨汉春*，周　磊

(中国农业大学动物医学院农业部动物流行病学与人兽共患病重点实验室，北京 100193)

摘　要：摘　要：猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV) 是一种严重影响全球养猪业的重要病原，引起母猪繁殖障碍和生长猪的呼吸道疾病。PRRSV 分为基因1 型和2 型，极易变异和演化，并呈现毒株的多样性与致病性的差异。PRRSV 基因组的变异主要集中于非结构蛋白Nsp2 编码区、结构蛋白ORF5 和ORF3 基因。毒株间的重组是PRRSV 变异与演化以及新毒株产生的主要机制之一，天然免疫和特异性免疫因素在加速其变异与演化中起着重要的作用。深入理解PRRSV 变异与演化的本质以及相关分子机制有助于预防与控制其传播与流行。

Genetic variation and evolution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

YANG Han-Chun*， ZHOU Lei

(Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture， College of Veterinary Medicine， China Agricultural University， Beijing 100193， China)

Abstract: Abstract: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the most important pathogen that severely impacts swine industry worldwide， which causes reproductive failure in sows and respiratory disease in growing pigs. PRRSV is divided into genotype 1 and genotype 2， with characteristics of easy variation and evolution as well as diversified strains and pathogenicity differences. The genetic variation of PRRSV genome is mainly distributed in its nonstructural protein 2-coding region and structural protein genes ORF5 and ORF3. The recombination among different strains is one of the major mechanisms contributing to the variation and evolution and emergence of novel strain of PRRSV， and meanwhile innate and adaptive immunity of pigs play important roles in accelerating its variation and evolution. A better understanding of the nature and mechanism associated with the variation and evolution of PRRSV will be helpful for prevention and control of its transmission and prevalence.