《生命科学》 2016, 28(2): 192-199

母-胎免疫耐受机制研究现状与发展趋势

王松存，李大金*

(复旦大学上海医学院，妇产科医院研究所，生殖免疫学实验室，上海 200011)

摘　要：摘　要：母- 胎免疫耐受作为免疫学原理的唯一例外，一直是生殖免疫学界备受关注的焦点问题。一个世纪以来，人们对于母- 胎免疫耐受建立和维持的机制有了越来越深入的认识。妊娠早期胎儿绒毛外滋养细胞(EVT) 侵入蜕膜组织，与母体蜕膜免疫细胞(DIC) 及蜕膜基质细胞(DSC) 直接接触，建立精细的母- 胎交互对话。在总结既往研究成果的基础上，围绕母- 胎界面关键的功能细胞，基于母- 胎交互对话阐明母-胎免疫耐受的建立和维持机制。其中，对以滋养细胞为中心的母- 胎界面固有免疫应答、母- 胎界面适应性免疫应答及穿插于其中的协同刺激信号和趋化因子等方面进行概述，以解析人早孕母- 胎免疫耐受与胎盘形成机制，为反复自然流产、子痫前期、胎儿宫内生长受限等疾患的防治提供新的思路。还将为移植免疫学、肿瘤免疫学的研究提供借鉴，因此具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。

Current situation and development tendency of research on maternal-fetal tolerance

WANG Song-Cun， LI Da-Jin*

(Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology， Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology， Fudan University Shanghai Medical College， Shanghai 200011， China)

Abstract: Abstract: As the only exception to the immunological principles， maternal-fetal tolerance becomes the attention focus in the fields of reproductive immunology. An improved mechanistic understanding of maternal-fetal tolerance is emerging in the last century. The formation of a functional synapse of the invading fetal trophoblsats， decidual immune cells and dicidual stromal cells has now been recognized. Here we review the previous research results， with a special focus on the establishment and maintenance mechanism of maternal-fetal tolerance based on the maternal-fetal crosstalk. Insights into maternal-fetal tolerance will not only improve our understanding of normal pregnancy but also would be helpful to novel therapeutic strategies of the pregnancy miscarriage， pre-eclampsia and IUGR.