《生命科学》 2016, 28(1): 70-76

昆虫免疫蛋白多酚氧化酶的研究进展

苑胜垒1，2，管京敏2，杨　兵2，路岸瑞2，凌尔军2，宋红生1*

(1 上海大学生命科学学院，上海 200444；2 中国科学院上海生命科学研究院植物生理生态研究所昆虫发育与进化生物学重点实验室，上海 200032)

摘　要：摘　要：多酚氧化酶是无脊椎动物，包括昆虫的重要免疫蛋白，经由受体识别病原物，通过丝氨酸蛋白酶切割激活，数分钟之内在病原物周围发生黑化反应。多酚氧化酶的活性抑制或者基因丢失，导致宿主对大多数病原物抵抗力下降。近年来，随着多酚氧化酶晶体结构的解析，对多酚氧化酶蛋白结构及其活性、抑菌等作用有了新的认识。同时，在昆虫中发现多酚氧化酶可能具有超越免疫的功能，显示对多酚氧化酶的研究具有一定的应用价值。

Recent achievements on the insect important innate immunity protein prophenoloxidase

YUAN Sheng-Lei1，2， GUAN Jing-Min2， YANG Bing2， LU An-Rui2， LING Er-Jun2， SONG Hong-Sheng1*

(1 School of Life Sciences， Shanghai University， Shanghai 200444， China; 2 Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology， Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology， Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences， Chinese
    Academy of Sciences， Shanghai 200032， China)

Abstract: Abstract: Prophenoloxidase is an important innate immunity protein in invertebrate animals including insects. Upon detecting by receptors， most pathogens can activate serine proteases to cleave and activate prophenoloxidase into phenoloxidase that can induce melanization around pathogens within several minutes. The inhibition on this enzyme activity or deletion of prophenoloxidase genes can cause the decreasing resistance to most pathogens. The prophenoloxidase protein structure has been analyzed recently. Due to it， we can now understand the influences of protein structure on enzyme activity and bacteria inhibition. The recent works also show that insect prophenoloxidase may have new functions beyond immunity， which indicates that the study on the insect prophenoloxidase may have values of application.