《生命科学》 2016, 28(1): 33-43

我国常见的几种脂溶性贝毒的研究进展

李美慧1，李爱峰1，2*，曹际娟3，卲筠乔3

(1 中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院，青岛 266100；2 海洋环境与生态教育部重点
    实验室，青岛 266100；3 辽宁出入境检验检疫局检验检疫技术中心，大连 116001)

摘　要：摘　要：近年我国沿海有毒赤潮的发生频次和规模呈明显的上升趋势，产生的藻毒素沿食物链传递并在贝类体内累积转化生成更为复杂的贝毒素，威胁贝类水产品食用安全和消费者健康。其中大部分贝毒的极性较低，易溶于脂类化合物，被称为脂溶性贝毒(lipophilic shellfish toxins， LST)。目前我国的养殖贝类正面临多种脂溶性贝毒的污染，主要包括大田软海绵酸(okadaic acid， OA)、蛤毒素(pectenotoxin， PTX)、虾夷扇贝毒素(yessotoxin， YTX)、氮杂螺环酸(azaspiracid， AZA) 及环亚胺类毒素(cyclic imine， CI) 中的gymnodimine(GYM) 等几大类毒素。现就这些脂溶性贝毒的化学结构、来源、毒理学特征、食用安全限量及检/ 监测方法等内容做了系统总结，同时，对我国脂溶性贝毒的来源与贝类染毒状况做了简要概括，并对今后我国脂溶性贝毒的研究方向提出了建议。

Typical lipophilic shellfish toxins distributed in the coastal water of China: a review

LI Mei-Hui1， LI Ai-Feng1，2*， CAO Ji-Juan3， SHAO Jun-Qiao3

(1 College of Environmental Science and Engineering， Ocean University of China， Qingdao 266100， China; 2 Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology， Ministry of Education， Qingdao 266100， China; 3 Liaoning Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau， Dalian 116001， China)

Abstract: Abstract: Recently the frequency and intensity of toxic algal blooms are rising obviously in the coastal water of China. Phycotoxins produced by these algal blooms are transferred to mollusks along food chains， and then they are accumulated and transformed into complex shellfish toxins as result of biotransformation in shellfish. These shellfish toxins potentially threaten the shellfish seafood safety and consumer health. Most shellfish toxins are named as lipophilic shellfish toxins (LST) because of low polarity and high solubility in lipid compounds. Presently， Chinese mariculture shellfish are threatened by contamination of many lipophilic shellfish toxins， including okadaic acid (OA)， pectenotoxin (PTX)， yessotoxin (YTX)， and azaspiracid (AZA)-groups， and gymnodimine (GYM) belonging to cyclic imine group. In this review， the chemical properties， origins， toxicological characteristics， safety limits， and detection/monitoring methods of these LST are summarized in detail. Toxin producing algae and shellfish contamination of these toxins in Chinese coastal water are also summarized briefly. Finally we proposed some research directions of LST in China in the future.