《生命科学》 2016, 28(1): 1-11
摘 要：摘 要：梭状芽孢杆菌属包括许多可以形成芽孢的革兰阳性棒状杆菌，它们广泛分布于自然界中，包括土壤、海洋和淡水沉积物中。在家畜、鸡，以及人等哺乳动物的肠道中也经常能发现肉毒梭菌。许多梭状芽胞杆菌可以产生神经毒素，如肉毒毒素、破伤风毒素和产气荚膜梭菌ε 毒素，分别由肉毒梭菌、破伤风梭菌和产气荚膜梭菌产生。这些梭菌神经毒素毒性非常强，可以引起人类或动物发病，如肉毒中毒、破伤风、羊肠毒血症等，给人类的健康和养殖业带来许多危害，一直是重要的研究对象。近年来，梭菌神经毒素在结构与受体以及检测、防控方面取得了较大的进展，现从以上方面综述这3 种毒素的研究进展。
Abstract: Abstract: The genus Clostridium comprises a number of spore forming Gram positive， rod shaped bacilli. They are widely distributed on the earth including the soil， marine and freshwater sediments. They are also found in the intestines of domestic animals， chickens， and mammalian species such as humans. Many Clostridial species produce medically important neurotoxins. For example， botulinum neurotoxin， tetanus neurotoxin， and epsilon toxin were produced by Clostridium botulinum， C. tetani， and C. perfringens respectively. These neurotoxins are extremely potent， and are responsible for many diseases of human or animals， such as botulism， tetanus， and enterotoxemia. So， there have been many studies on these neurotoxins and new achievements have been made in fields of structures， receptors， detection， and prevention in recent years. The purpose of this paper is to review the advances on Clostridial neurotoxins in respect of structures， receptors， monitoring， and prevention.
