《生命科学》 2015, 27(10): 1255-1260

MicroRNAs调控干细胞的诱导与分化

蒋豆蔻1，2，李富荣1*

(1 暨南大学第二临床医学院(深圳市人民医院)干细胞与细胞治疗重点实验室，深圳 518020； 2 暨南大学医学院病理学与病理生理学系，广州 510632)

摘　要：摘　要：干细胞根据其所处的发育阶段可分为胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cell， ESCs) 和成体干细胞(somatic stem cell)，具有自我复制能力和多向分化潜能，因此，被认为可修复、重建组织器官。近年有大量研究致力于诱导干细胞分化为各种成体细胞，但诱导过程繁琐与分化效率低下一直困扰着科研人员。MicroRNAs(miRNAs) 是在真核生物中发现的一类内源性的具有调控功能的非编码RNA，其大小长约20~25 个核苷酸。研究表明miRNA 可通过抑制干细胞靶mRNA 序列的翻译或者降解靶mRNA 来调控干细胞的诱导与分化。因此，调控miRNAs 的表达水平可影响分化过程。现就miRNA 调控干细胞向成体细胞分化的研究现状和机制作一综述。

MicroRNAs regulate the induction and differentiation of stem cells

JIANG Dou-Kou1，2， LI Fu-Rong1*

(1 The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Cellular Therapy， The Second Clinical Medical College(Shenzhen People’s Hospital) of Jinan University， Shenzhen 518020， China; 2 Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology， Jinan University， Guangzhou 510632， China)

Abstract: Abstract: According to the developmental stage， stem cells with the capacity of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation， can be divided into embryonic stem cells and somatic stem cells. It is generally considered that stem cells can repair tissues and organs. In recent years， there is a large amount of research on inducing stem cells into all kinds of somatic stem cells， but the researchers has been plagued by complicated induction process and low differentiation efficiency. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 20~25 nucleotide (nt) endogenous small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression in eukaryote. Recent studies have shown that miRNA can repress the translation of target mRNAs or degrade it to regulate the induction and differentiation of stem cells， thus regulating the expression levels of miRNAs can affect the differentiation process. In this paper， the research status and mechanism of miRNAs in somatic stem cells were reviewed.