《生命科学》 2015, 27(5): 539-548

禽流感病毒跨种传播的分子机制

张　蔚1， 施　一1，2*

(1 中国科学院微生物研究所病原微生物与免疫学重点实验室，北京100101；2 中国科学院北京生命科学研究院，北京100101)

摘　要：摘　要：流感病毒是目前危害人类健康的主要病原微生物之一，不但造成了巨大的经济损失， 而且影响着社会的稳定。除了偶尔出现的流感大暴发，每年都有不少人死于季节性流感。尤其是2013 年在中国暴发的H7N9 禽流感疫情，目前感染人数已超过600 例，死亡人数超过200 人，病毒已经在中国定居，每年冬春季都会出现病例。流感病毒的天然宿主是禽类，而禽流感病毒如何突破种间屏障去感染人，是病毒学家一直关心的重要科学问题。主要描述了病毒受体结合特性影响跨种传播的分子机制，包括H1、H2、H3、H5、H6、H7、H9、H10 等不同亚型流感病毒受体结合特性转变的结构基础，为流感病毒防控提供重要的理论基础。
    

Molecular mechanisms on interspecies transmission of avian influenza viruses

ZHANG Wei1， SHI Yi1，2*

(1 CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology， Institute of Microbiology， Chinese Academy of Science， Beijing 100101， China; 2 Beijing Institutes of Life Science， Chinese Academy of Sciences， Beijing 100101， China)

Abstract: Abstract: Influenza virus is one of the major pathogenic microbes， which poses a threat to human health， and causes tremendous economic loss， affecting social stability. In addition to occasional flu pandemic， there are still many people died of seasonal flu. Especially， in 2013， novel avian H7N9 influenza viruses infected more than 600 people with death of more than 200 people. The avian H7N9 influenza viruses have been established in China， and cause human infections in winter and spring each year. The natural reservoir of influenza viruses are wild birds， and how the avian influenza viruses break through the species barrier to infect humans is an important scientific question. Here we describe the molecular mechanisms on interspecies transmission determined by receptor binding properties of the viruses， and the structural basis of divergent HA subtype viruses including H1， H2， H3， H5， H6， H7， H9 and H10. This information could provide an important theoretical basis for the prevention and control of influenza viruses.