《生命科学》 2015, 27(3): 294-305

树突棘的动态变化与调控机制

边文杰*，于　翔*

(中国科学院上海生命科学研究院神经科学研究所神经科学国家重点实验室，中国科学院脑科学卓越创新中心，上海 200031)

摘　要：摘　要：树突棘是兴奋性突触的主要突触后结构基础，其数量与形态受神经电活动调控，并在整个生命过程中呈现复杂且有序的动态变化。树突棘的动态变化在神经环路的形成和精确化修剪中扮演重要的角色，该过程的异常可导致孤独症谱系障碍、精神分裂症等神经系统疾病。主要综述了近年来关于树突棘形态与数量动态变化的研究工作，包括发育早期的树突棘发生和青春期的树突棘修剪。在此基础上，还简要阐述了介导树突棘动态变化的信号分子，讨论了其与神经系统疾病的关联，并提出了该领域尚未解决的一些问题。

Dendritic spines: dynamics and mechanisms

BIAN Wen-Jie*， YU Xiang*

(State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience， CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science， Institute of Neuroscience， Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences， Chinese Academy of Sciences， Shanghai 200031， China)

Abstract: Abstract: Dendritic spines are the post-synaptic structural basis of most excitatory synapses. The number and morphology of spines display highly dynamic and complex changes throughout the lifespan of the organism， in a process highly regulated by neural activity. Spine dynamics plays an important role in the formation and refinement of neural circuits， and its defect can result in neurological disorders such as autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. Here we review recent works investigating dynamic changes in spine number and morphology， including the spinogenesis phase during early development and the spine pruning phase during adolescence. We further explore the molecular mechanisms underlying changes in spine dynamics， as well as its relationship with neurological disorders， and discuss key questions in the field that remain to be answered.