《生命科学》 2015, 27(1): 99-106

CRISPR/Cas系统及其在昆虫基因功能研究中的应用

张敏菁1，张春红1，孙学鹏2，李红叶2，祝增荣1*

(1 浙江大学昆虫科学研究所，杭州 310029；2 浙江大学生物技术研究所，杭州 310029)

摘　要：摘　要：近年来在众多细菌和古细菌中发现一类成簇的、有规律间隔的短回文重复序列(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats， CRISPR) 结构家族，通过对其及相关基因(CRISPR-associated genes， Cas gene) 的系统研究得知，它是生物体长期进化形成的获得性免疫系统，由RNA 介导，降解入侵病毒或者噬菌体DNA。众多研究者将CRISPR/Cas 系统改造成第三代人工核酸酶，用于靶向编辑基因组，目前已广泛应用于人类细胞、小鼠、大鼠、斑马鱼、细菌、果蝇、酵母、线虫等。综述了此系统的基本结构、原理及在昆虫上的应用、展望前景，为今后开展昆虫基因功能研究提供一定的技术参考。

CRISPR/Cas: the emerging tool for insect genomic study

ZHANG Min-Jing1， ZHANG Chun-Hong1， SUN Xue-Peng2， LI Hong-Ye2， ZHU Zeng-Rong1*

(1 Institute of Entomology Science， Zhejiang University， Hangzhou 310029， China;
    2 Institute of Biotechnology， Zhejiang University， Hangzhou 310029， China)

Abstract: Abstract: The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system was originally discovered as acquired immunity system in numerous bacteria and archaea. Systematic analysis of CRISPR and its associated genes (CASs) revealed the crucial roles in defending external invasion of viruses and phages via RNAmediated DNA degrading. The natural CRISPR/Cas system has been remolded as the third generation artificial nuclease， which is a powerful and promising tool for targeted genome editing. Currently， CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing has been successfully applied in a increasing number of species， such as human， mice， rats， zebrafish， bacteria， fruit flies， yeast and nematodes. In this paper， we reviewed the structural basis and mechanisms of CRISPR/Cas system， and discussed the prospective application in insect genomics， to provide some technicalreferences for insect gene function study in the future.